Qhov Tseem Ceeb Qhov txawv - Glycolysis vs TCA Cycle
Kev ua pa tawm yog txheej txheem uas muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob uas ua ke los ntawm oxidation thiab txo cov tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab hloov hluav taws xob. Thaum kawg ntawm kev ua pa, cov kab mob tsim lub zog los siv rau lawv cov txheej txheem metabolic. Lub zog no yog tsim nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm ATP (lub zog txiaj ntawm lub hlwb). Thaum lub sij hawm ua pa aerobic, oxygen molecules ua raws li qhov kawg electron txais thiab raug txo kom tsim dej. Qhov no tsim ib qho electrochemical gradient uas tsav ATP synthesis. Kev ua pa aerobic muaj peb theem tseem ceeb, qhov twg cov pa roj carbon molecules tau hloov kho los ntawm cov enzyme catalyzed cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kom tawm los ATP. Thawj theem, feem ntau rau ob qho tib si aerobes thiab anaerobes, yog txoj hauv kev glycolytic qhov twg qab zib substrate, feem ntau yog qabzib, yog catabolized rau ob pyruvate molecules. Qhov kev hloov pauv no ua rau ob lub ATP molecules thiab ob lub NADH molecules. Qhov thib ob yog lub voj voog tricarboxylic acid (TCA), uas yog lub hauv paus hub qhov nruab nrab ntawm txhua txoj hauv kev metabolic koom ua ke los pab txhawb kev tsim hluav taws xob los ntawm kev tsim NADH, FADH2 thiab ob lub molecules ntawm CO 2los ntawm oxidation-txo cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Lub voj voog TCA tsuas yog siv qhov chaw hauv aerobes. Nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si cov txheej txheem, substrate theem phosphorylation yuav siv qhov chaw los tsim lub zog. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm glycolysis thiab TCA lub voj voog yog tias glycolysis tshwm sim hauv cytoplasm thaum lub voj voog TCA tshwm sim hauv mitochondria.
Glycolysis yog dab tsi?
Glycolysis lossis Embden-Meyerhof Pathway yog thawj kauj ruam ntawm kev tsim hluav taws xob thiab tshwm sim hauv cytosol ntawm ob qho tib si aerobes thiab anaerobes. Nws yog cov txheej txheem enzyme catalyzed cov tshuaj tiv thaiv uas suav nrog kaum cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Hauv glycolysis, qab zib molecules yog phosphorylated thiab dai rau hauv lub cell kom catabolize rau hauv ob pyruvate molecules (peb carbon compound) uas yog cov khoom kawg ntawm glycolysis.
YGlycolysis Stages
Nws muaj peb theem tseem ceeb hauv qab no:
Npaj Them
Nyob rau theem no, cov piam thaj seem uas muaj rau cov pa roj carbon atom yog phosphorylated thiab dai hauv cell. Kev npaj theem yog lub zog xav tau theem uas siv ob lub ATP molecules.
Lub sijhawm no, 6-carbon molecule yog cleaved rau hauv ob phosphorylated 3-carbon residues.
Pay off Theem
Qhov no yog theem kawg ntawm glycolysis qhov twg ATP thiab NADH tau ua ke. Rau txhua 6 carbon qab zib substrate, 4 ATP molecules, 2 NADH molecules, thiab 2 Pyruvate molecules yog tsim; yog li nws yog lub zog tsim theem ntawm glycolysis.
Daim duab 01: Glycolysis
Tag Nrho Cov Lus Teb ntawm Glycolysis
Glucose + 2Pi + 4ADP + 2NAD+ + 2ATP → 2Pyruvate + 4ATP + 2NADH + 2H 2 O + 2H+
Net tsim tawm ntawm ATP=2ATP
TCA Cycle yog dab tsi?
TCA lub voj voog, tseem hu ua Citric acid cycle lossis Krebs cycle, tshwm sim hauv matrix ntawm mitochondria. Nws yog ib feem ntawm kev ua pa aerobic; Yog li ntawd, nws tsuas yog nyob rau hauv aerobes. TCA voj voog yog ib txoj kev cyclic, enzyme catalyzed qhov twg 4-carbon substrate (oxaloacetic acid) txais 2-carbon Acetyl CoA los ua 6-carbon molecule (citrate). Citrate tau dhau los ua txoj hauv kev los tsim cov pa roj carbon dioxide, ob lub NADH molecules, ib FADH 2molecule thiab ib GTP molecule. Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm TCA lub voj voog yog sau cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob siab los ntawm cov roj carbon. Cov hluav taws xob hluav taws xob siab no tau xa mus rau cov saw hlau thauj hluav taws xob, uas yog theem kawg ntawm kev ua pa aerobic rau kev sib txuas ntawm ATP. TCA lub voj voog tseem ua raws li txoj hauv kev kawg rau oxidation ntawm carbohydrates, amino acids, fatty acids, thiab nucleotides. Carbohydrates thiab fatty acids nkag mus rau TCA lub voj voog raws li Acetyl Coenzyme A thaum cov amino acids nkag mus rau TCA lub voj voog raws li α - ketoglutarate thiab nucleotides li fumarate.
Figure 02: TCA Cycle
Txhua Cov Lus Teb ntawm TCA Cycle
Acetyl Co A + 3 NAD+ + FAD + GDP + 2Pi + 2H2 O → 2CO2 + 3NADH + FADH2 + GTP + 3H+
Dab tsi yog qhov zoo sib xws ntawm Glycolysis thiab TCA lub voj voog?
- Glycolysis thiab TCA lub voj voog suav nrog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv enzyme catalyzed.
- Nyob rau hauv ob txheej txheem, substrate theem phosphorylation tshwm sim.
- Ob txheej txheem tsim NADH, H2O ua khoom lag luam.
- Ob txheej txheem yog tswj hwm los ntawm kev tswj hwm hormonal, allosteric regulation thiab end product inhibition (feedback mechanisms).
Qhov txawv ntawm Glycolysis thiab TCA Cycle yog dab tsi?
Glycolysis vs TCA Cycle |
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| Glycolysis yog txheej txheem uas 6 carbon qab zib (monosaccharide) molecules catabolized rau hauv 3- carbon pyruvate molecules los ntawm enzyme catalyzed tshua. | TCA lub voj voog yog cov txheej txheem uas lub zog khaws cia hauv cov pa roj carbon molecules tau sau los tsim cov khoom siv hluav taws xob nplua nuj rau cov saw hlau thauj hluav taws xob los ua ke ATP ntawm oxidative phosphorylation. |
| Nyob teb | |
| Glycolysis tshwm sim hauv cytosol. | TCA lub voj voog tshwm sim hauv matrix ntawm mitochondria. |
| Yuav tsum muaj Oxygen | |
| Glycolysis tuaj yeem tshwm sim hauv ob qho tib si aerobic thiab anaerobic. | TCA lub voj voog yog nruj me ntsis aerobic. |
| pib Compound | |
| Rau cov pa roj carbon monosaccharide (glucose) yog qhov pib substrate ntawm glycolysis. | Plaub carbon Oxaloacetate yog qhov pib substrate ntawm TCA voj voog. |
| khoom kawg | |
| Ob Pyruvate molecules, ob lub ATP molecules, thiab ob NADH molecules yog cov khoom kawg ntawm glycolysis. | Ob CO2, ib GTP, peb NADH thiab ib FADH2 yog cov khoom kawg ntawm TCA voj voog. |
| Sib Nrauj Tawm | |
| Glycolytic cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshwm sim raws li kab sib lawv liag. | TCA lub voj voog tshwm sim los ntawm kev sib tw cyclic. |
| Kev koom tes ntawm CO 2 | |
| CO2 tsis tas yuav lossis tsim tawm thaum lub sijhawm glycolysis. | CO2 yog tsim rau txhua acetyl co A molecule ntawm TCA voj voog. |
| Kev siv ATP | |
| 2 ATP molecules tau noj los ntawm txoj kev glycolytic. | ATP molecules tsis siv hauv TCA lub voj voog. |
Summary – Glycolysis vs TCA Cycle
Glycolysis thiab TCA lub voj voog yog ob txoj hauv kev tseem ceeb hauv kev cuam tshuam nrog kev tsim lub zog ntawm cov pa roj carbon intermediates tau los ntawm macro molecules carbohydrates, proteins, rog thiab nucleic acids. Cov txheej txheem ob leeg yog enzyme mediated thiab nyob rau hauv kev tswj xyuas tas li raws li lub zog xav tau ntawm lub cell / kab mob thiab cov txheej txheem ntawm cov txheej txheem no txawv nyob rau hauv ntau yam xwm txheej xws li lub xeev yoo mov, noj zaub mov zoo, xeev tshaib plab thiab lub xeev siv zog. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom kawm txog kev tswj hwm ntawm txoj kev glycolytic thiab TCA lub voj voog kom tau txais kev sib raug zoo ntawm biochemical los daws cov teeb meem metabolic hauv lub cev. Glycolysis yog cov txheej txheem pib ua pa thiab TCA lub voj voog yog theem thib ob ntawm kev ua pa aerobic uas txuas nrog rau theem kawg ntawm kev ua pa (electron transport chain). Glycolysis tshwm sim hauv cytoplasm thiab tsim pyruvates; cov pyruvates nkag mus rau mitochondria thiab pab hauv TCA lub voj voog. Glycolysis tuaj yeem tshwm sim hauv ob qho tib si aerobic thiab anaerobic kab mob. Txawm li cas los xij, TCA lub voj voog tsuas yog tshwm sim hauv cov kab mob aerobic vim nws xav tau kev mob aerobic. Qhov no yog qhov txawv ntawm glycolysis thiab TCA voj voog.
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