Qhov Tseem Ceeb - Toxin vs Toxoid
Ib co toxin yog ib yam khoom uas muaj tshuaj lom. Toxins yog tsim thaum lub sij hawm lom cov txheej txheem ntawm cov kab mob nyob. Lawv yog inherently toxic thiab immunogenic. Cov tshuaj lom ntawm cov co toxins tuaj yeem hloov pauv lossis tsis ua haujlwm, thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tuaj yeem tsim los ntawm cov co toxins los kho cov kab mob; cov no hu ua toxoids. Toxoid yog ib daim ntawv ntawm cov co toxins. Toxic xwm ntawm cov tshuaj lom yog qaug zog nyob rau hauv toxoid. Txawm li cas los xij, cov cuab yeej immunogenic tau khaws cia zoo ib yam li cov co toxins los txhawb cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Thaum cov tshuaj toxoid nkag mus rau hauv lub cev, lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob muaj peev xwm teb tawm tsam ob qho tib si toxoid thiab cov tshuaj lom qub kom tsis txhob ua rau lawv. Yog li ntawd, cov tshuaj toxoids tuaj yeem siv los ua cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kev nyab xeeb los tiv thaiv cov kab mob lom los ntawm kev tso cai tsim kev tiv thaiv hauv peb lub cev. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov tshuaj lom thiab toxoid yog cov tshuaj lom yog cov tshuaj lom uas tsim los ntawm cov kab mob uas muaj tshuaj lom thiab tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob thaum cov tshuaj lom yog cov tshuaj lom neeg uas tsis muaj tshuaj lom thiab tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob.
Dab tsi yog Toxin?
A toxin yog ib yam tshuaj lom uas tsim thaum lub sij hawm lom cov txheej txheem ntawm cov kab mob nyob hauv lub cev. Cov tshuaj lom yog tsim los ntawm ntau hom kab mob xws li kab mob, fungi, nroj tsuag, tsiaj txhu, thiab lwm yam. Ntawm cov neeg tsim cov tshuaj lom, cov kab mob yog cov kab mob nrov uas tsim cov co toxins uas ua rau cov kab mob loj heev; xws li kab mob tetanus, cholera, anthrax, botulism, scarlet fever, gas gangrene, diphtheria, thiab lwm yam. Cov kab mob ua rau ob hom co toxins hu ua endotoxins thiab exotoxins. Endotoxins nyob rau hauv lub gram negative bacterial cell phab ntsa. Lawv ua haujlwm ua ib feem ntawm cov kab mob sab nraud. Lawv yog tsim los ntawm lipopolysaccharides. Endotoxins raug tso tawm rau sab nraud thaum cov kab mob ntawm tes yog lyzed. Exotoxins yog tsim thiab tso tawm ntawm cov kab mob. Enterotoxin yog ib hom exotoxin uas tsom rau txoj hnyuv. Cov enterotoxins no yog tsim los ntawm qee hom kab mob thiab ua rau zaub mov lom thiab ntau yam kab mob hauv plab.
Daim duab 01: Kev tiv thaiv kab mob rau Exotoxin
Cov tshuaj lom kuj yog ib txwm tsim los ntawm cov nroj tsuag thiab tsiaj txhu los siv ua tshuaj tiv thaiv lossis ua kev tawm tsam. Toxins yog cov khoom me me ntawm polysaccharides lossis polypeptides. Cov co toxins tuaj yeem cuam tshuam rau peb lub paj hlwb lossis lub plab zom mov thiab ua rau muaj kab mob. Cov nyhuv ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg tuaj yeem ua rau mob hnyav los yog mob ntev nyob ntawm qhov toxicity. Qee cov co toxins tsuas yog cuam tshuam rau qee yam kabmob. Lawv pib ua haujlwm los ntawm kev khi rau cov cellular receptors nyob rau ntawm lub xovtooj ntawm tes, thiab lawv muaj peev xwm inhibit qhov kev ua ntawm cov enzymatic.
Dab tsi yog Toxoid?
Toxins ua rau mob hnyav. Cov kws tshawb fawb tau sim tsim txoj hauv kev los tawm tsam cov co toxins. Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov kev sim no, lawv muaj peev xwm tsim riam phom hu ua toxoids. Toxoid yog ib qho tsis muaj zog lossis tsis muaj zog ntawm cov tshuaj lom. Toxoids tiv thaiv co toxins. Toxoids tau qhia ua cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kev nyab xeeb los kho cov kab mob tshuaj lom. Cov tshuaj lom ntawm cov tshuaj lom yog tshem tawm los ntawm toxoid. Txawm li cas los xij, cov qauv ntawm toxoid zoo ib yam li nws cov tshuaj lom neeg qub. Tab sis cov tshuaj toxicity tsis tau khaws cia hauv cov toxoid. Immunogenic cov cuab yeej ntawm cov tshuaj lom yog khaws cia nyob rau hauv lub toxoid induce lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob ntawm tus tswv tsev. Cov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov toxoid yog hloov kho kom tshem tawm cov teeb meem tshwm sim. Cov khoom yog hloov los ntawm cua sov cov co toxins kom zoo. Toxoids tsis yog ntuj. Lawv yog neeg tsim txawm yog muab los ntawm thawj co toxins.
Toxoids yog tsim los ua tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab muab rau tsiaj thiab tib neeg txhawm rau txhim kho kev tiv thaiv kab mob los ntawm cov tshuaj lom. Yog tias tsiaj lossis ib tus neeg tau txhaj tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob toxoid, lawv yuav tiv thaiv tau cov kab mob tshwj xeeb ntawd. Lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob ntawm tus neeg lossis tsiaj muaj peev xwm tiv thaiv lub cev tiv thaiv cov tshuaj lom rau lub sijhawm ntev. Toxoids raug muab ua me me los txhawb lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob los tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv.
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob Toxoid muaj kev nyab xeeb vim qhov kev ua phem tsis tuaj yeem thim rov qab tom qab tsis ua haujlwm. Lawv ruaj khov thiab tsis raug denaturation los ntawm ib puag ncig tej yam kev mob. Tetanus toxoid thiab diphtheria toxoid yog ob qho tshuaj tiv thaiv toxoid tau tsim los ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb.
Daim duab 02: Tetanus Toxoid Vaccine
Dab tsi yog qhov zoo sib xws ntawm Toxin thiab Toxoid?
- Cov qauv ntawm cov tshuaj lom thiab toxoid zoo ib yam.
- ob leeg yog immunogenic.
- Peb lub cev lees paub cov co toxins thiab cov toxoids ua hem.
- Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tawm tsam ob qho tib si co toxins thiab toxoids.
Qhov txawv ntawm Toxin thiab Toxoid yog dab tsi?
Toxin vs Toxoid |
|
| Toxin yog ib yam tshuaj lom uas tsim nyob rau hauv lub hlwb ntawm cov kab mob nyob. | Toxoid yog ib daim ntawv ntawm cov tshuaj lom uas ua rau muaj kev nyab xeeb. |
| Txiv kab mob yog tsim los. | Toxoids yog tib neeg tsim. Li no, lawv yog hluavtaws. |
| Txoj kev muaj pes tsawg leeg yog tib yam li tus thawj. | Toxoid muaj pes tsawg leeg tau hloov pauv kom tshem tawm cov khoom tsis zoo. |
| Properties | |
| Toxin muaj ob qho tshuaj lom thiab tiv thaiv kab mob. | Toxoid muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob. Lawv tsis lom. |
Summary – Toxin vs Toxoid
Toxin yog tshuaj lom uas tsim los ntawm cov kab mob muaj sia, feem ntau cov kab mob thiab cov fungi. Toxins yog lub luag haujlwm rau ntau hom kab mob hnyav thiab mob ntev. Toxoid yog ib qho kev txo qis ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg uas tsim los ntawm kev tshem tawm cov tshuaj lom thaum tswj lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob. Lawv tau qhia ua cov tshuaj tiv thaiv rau tsiaj thiab tib neeg los kho lossis tawm tsam cov kab mob lom. Toxoids muaj kev nyab xeeb thiab ruaj khov. Lawv raug tsim los hloov pauv cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov toxoid. Qhov no yog qhov txawv ntawm cov tshuaj lom thiab toxoid.
Download PDF Version of Toxin vs Toxoid
Koj tuaj yeem rub tawm PDF version ntawm kab lus no thiab siv nws rau offline hom phiaj raws li cov ntawv sau tseg. Thov download PDF version ntawm no Qhov txawv Ntawm Toxin thiab Toxoid.
