Qhov Tseem Ceeb - Alkyl Halide vs Aryl Halide
Ob leeg alkyl halides thiab aryl halides yog cov organic tebchaw. Cov no tseem hu ua organic halides. Hom halogens uas tuaj yeem txuas tau los tsim cov molecule no yog fluorine, chlorine, bromine thiab iodine. Cov atoms halogen no txuas nrog cov pa roj carbon atom hauv cov organic halides. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm alkyl halide thiab aryl halide yog tias halogen atom hauv alkyl halides txuas rau sp3 hybridized carbon atom whereas lub halogen atom hauv aryl halides txuas rau sp 2 hybridized carbon atom.
Alkyl Halide yog dab tsi?
Alkyl halide, raws li tau hais los ntawm nws lub npe, yog ib qho chaw uas muaj halogen atom txuas rau cov saw hlau ntawm carbon atoms. Ntawm no, ib qho hydrogen atom ntawm cov saw hlau yog hloov los ntawm halogen atom. Raws li hom halogen uas tau txuas thiab cov qauv ntawm cov saw hlau, cov khoom ntawm cov organic halides yuav txawv ntawm ib leeg. Alkyl halides tuaj yeem raug categorized nyob ntawm seb muaj pes tsawg carbon atoms txuas rau cov pa roj carbon atom uas txuas rau halogen atom. Raws li, thawj alkyl halides, theem nrab alkyl halides, thiab tertiary alkyl halides tuaj yeem pom.
Daim duab 01: Ib Tug Thawj Coj Alkyl Halide
Txawm li cas los xij, alkyl halides tej zaum yuav tsis meej pem nrog aryl halides. Piv txwv li, yog hais tias lub halogen atom txuas nrog ib tug carbon atom, uas yog txuas mus rau ib tug benzene nplhaib (Cl-CH2-C6H 5), ib tug xav tias nws yog aryl halide. Tab sis, nws yog alkyl halide vim hais tias lub halogen atom txuas nrog cov pa roj carbon monoxide sp3 hybridized.
Halogens yog electronegative ntau dua li carbon. Yog li, lub sijhawm dipole tau pom nyob rau hauv daim ntawv cog lus carbon-halogen, uas yog, cov molecule dhau los ua ib qho polar molecule thaum daim ntawv cog lus ua polar. Cov pa roj carbon atom tau txais tus nqi zoo me me, thiab halogen tau txais qhov tsis zoo me me. Qhov no ua rau kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm dipole-dipole ntawm alkyl halides. Tab sis lub zog ntawm qhov kev sib cuam tshuam no txawv nyob rau hauv thawj, theem nrab, thiab tertiary halides. Qhov no yog vim hais tias sab saw txuas nrog cov pa roj carbon atom tuaj yeem txo cov nqi me me ntawm cov pa roj carbon atom.
Aryl Halide yog dab tsi?
Ib aryl halide yog ib qho molecule uas muaj halogen atom txuas rau sp2 hybridized carbon nyob rau hauv ib lub nplhaib aromatic ncaj qha. Qhov no yog ib qho kev tsis txaus ntseeg vim tias muaj ob daim ntawv cog lus hauv lub nplhaib uas muaj ntxhiab. Aryl halides kuj qhia txog kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm dipole-dipole. Cov carbon-halogen daim ntawv cog lus muaj zog dua li ntawm alkyl halides vim muaj cov nplhaib electrons. Qhov no tshwm sim vim hais tias lub nplhaib aromatic muab electrons rau carbon atom, txo cov nqi zoo. Aryl halides tuaj yeem hloov pauv electrophilic thiab tuaj yeem tau txais cov pab pawg alkyl txuas nrog lub ortho, para lossis meta txoj haujlwm ntawm lub nplhaib aromatic. Ib lossis ob lub halogens tuaj yeem txuas rau lub nplhaib uas muaj ntxhiab. Qhov ntawd kuj yog nyob rau hauv ortho, para lossis meta txoj haujlwm.
Daim duab 02: Qhov txawv ntawm Alkyl Halide thiab Aryl Halide
Tshuaj ntsuam kom paub qhov txawv Alkyl Halide thiab Aryl Halide
txhawm rau paub qhov txawv ntawm alkyl halide thiab aryl halide, ib tus tuaj yeem siv tshuaj ntsuam xyuas. Ua ntej, NaOH yuav tsum tau ntxiv tom qab cua sov. Tom qab ntawd qhov sib tov yog txias, thiab HNO3 id yog ntxiv, ua raws li qhov sib ntxiv ntawm AgNO3Alkyl halide tuaj yeem muab cov hmoov av dawb thaum aryl halide tsis. Tias yog vim li cas, aryl halides tsis tau hloov pauv nucleophilic, tsis zoo li alkyl halides. Yog vim li cas tsis hloov pauv nucleophilic yog tias cov huab cua hluav taws xob ntawm lub nplhaib uas muaj ntxhiab ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm nucleophile.
Qhov txawv ntawm Alkyl Halide thiab Aryl Halide yog dab tsi?
Alkyl Halide vs Aryl Halide |
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| Alkyl halide yog ib qho chaw uas muaj halogen atom txuas rau cov saw hlau ntawm carbon atoms. | Aaryl halide yog cov molecule uas muaj halogen atom txuas rau sp2 hybridized carbon nyob rau hauv ib lub nplhaib aromatic ncaj qha. |
| Txoj kev sib txuas ntawm Halogen Atom | |
| Halogen atom txuas rau sp3 hybridized carbon atom hauv alkyl halides. | Halogen atom txuas rau sp2 hybridized carbon atom hauv aryl halides. |
| qauv | |
| Alkyl halides muaj cov kab tawm lossis cov qauv feem ntau ntawm lub sijhawm. | Aryl halides ib txwm muaj cov qauv tsim. |
| Electron Density | |
| Cov paib carbon-halide ntawm alkyl halides muaj qhov ntom ntom ntawm cov hluav taws xob piv rau aryl halides. | Cov carbon-halide daim ntawv cog lus ntawm aryl halides muaj qhov ceev ntawm electrons. |
| Reacts | |
| Alkyl halides tau txais kev hloov pauv nucleophilic. | Aryl halides tsis hloov pauv nucleophilic. |
Summary – Alkyl Halide vs Aryl Halide
Alkyl halides thiab aryl halides yog cov organic halides. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm alkyl thiab aryl halide yog tias halogen atom hauv alkyl halides txuas rau sp3 hybridized carbon atom whereas hauv aryl halides nws txuas nrog sp 2 hybridized carbon atom.
