Qhov Tseem Ceeb Qhov txawv - Alkyl vs Aryl Group
Cov pab pawg ua haujlwm yog ib feem ntawm cov organic molecules uas muaj cov yam ntxwv ntawm ib qho molecule. Qee qhov piv txwv ntawm cov pab pawg ua haujlwm no muaj xws li cawv, pawg carboxylic acid, pawg amine, thiab lwm yam. Cov pab pawg ua haujlwm no yog pab pawg ntawm cov saw hlau loj. Hauv lwm lo lus, pab pawg ua haujlwm yog ib feem ntawm cov molecule loj. Nws tuaj yeem yog atom, pawg ntawm atoms lossis txawm tias ib qho ion. Feem ntau ntawm cov sij hawm cov pab pawg no yog lub luag hauj lwm rau cov kev tshwm sim uas cov molecule yuav undergo. Cov pab pawg ua haujlwm no yuav tsum raug coj mus rau hauv tus account thaum sau npe cov organic molecule. Ib pab pawg ua haujlwm ib txwm muaj qhov chaw tsis muaj nyob hauv nws cov qauv rau nws kom txuas mus rau cov saw hlau. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm alkyl thiab aryl yog tias pawg alkyl tsis muaj lub nplhaib uas muaj ntxhiab thaum aryl pawg muaj lub nplhaib uas muaj ntxhiab.
Alkyl Group yog dab tsi?
Ib pawg alkyl yog ib pawg ua haujlwm uas tuaj yeem pom hauv cov organic molecules. Nws yog alkane nrog hydrogen atom uas ploj lawm ntawm nws cov saw. Qhov chaw seem no tuaj yeem txuas rau cov pa roj carbon atom ntawm cov saw hlau. Cov pab pawg alkyl no tuaj yeem ua tau yooj yim, ceg ntoo lossis cov saw hlau, tab sis nws tsis muaj cov nplhaib uas muaj ntxhiab. Alkyl pawg tsuas muaj cov pa roj carbon thiab hydrogen atoms hauv lawv cov qauv. Cov mis loj ntawm ib pawg alkyl tuaj yeem muab tau raws li CnH2n+1 uas txawv ntawm cov mis ntawm alkane, C nH2n+2 nrog poob ntawm hydrogen atom. Yog li, pawg alkyl yog muab los ntawm alkanes. Cov pawg alkyl tsawg tshaj plaws yog methyl pawg uas tuaj yeem muab tau raws li -CH3 Nws tau muab los ntawm alkane methane (CH4). Qee zaum ib tus nyiam ua rau cov pawg cycloalkyl tsis meej pem nrog cov pab pawg muaj ntxhiab. Tab sis muaj qhov sib txawv loj ntawm lawv. Cycloalkanes yog saturated thiab tsis muaj ob daim ntawv cog lus, tab sis cov nplhaib uas muaj ntxhiab tsw qab thiab muaj ob daim ntawv cog lus hauv lawv cov qauv (piv txwv li Cyclohexane). Lo lus saturated txhais tau hais tias, nws muaj qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm hydrogen atoms uas nws tuaj yeem sib txuas nrog. Txawm hais tias nyob rau hauv morphology, cycloalkanes yog 3D qauv thaum cov tshuaj tsw qab yog cov qauv qauv. Yog li ntawd, tag nrho cov alkyl pawg yog saturated vim hais tias cov pawg alkyl yog muab los ntawm alkanes. Cov piv txwv hauv qab no qhia cov pab pawg propyl sib txawv.
Daim duab 01: Propyl pawg
ARL Group yog dab tsi?
Ib pawg aryl ib txwm muaj lub nplhaib uas muaj ntxhiab. Aryl pawg yog ib qho yooj yim aromatic compound nrog ib qho ntawm nws cov hydrogen atoms ploj lawm. Qhov no hydrogen atom uas ploj lawm tso cai rau nws mus txuas rau cov saw hlau. Lub nplhaib uas muaj ntxhiab tshaj plaws yog benzene. Txhua pawg aryl yog muab los ntawm cov qauv benzene. Qee qhov piv txwv ntawm pawg aryl suav nrog phenyl pawg tau los ntawm benzene thiab naphthyl pawg muab los ntawm naphthalene. Cov pab pawg aryl no tuaj yeem muaj kev hloov pauv hauv lawv cov qauv aromatic. Piv txwv li, tolyl pawg yog muab los ntawm toluene qhov twg toluene yog ib lub nplhaib benzene nrog kev hloov ntawm ib pawg methyl. Txhua pawg aryl yog unsaturated. Qhov ntawd txhais tau tias cov qauv ntawm pawg aryl yog tsim los ntawm ob daim ntawv cog lus. Tab sis benzene tsis yog tib hom aromatic nplhaib uas aryl pawg tuaj yeem muaj. Piv txwv li, indolyl pab pawg neeg yog ib pawg aryl txuas nrog cov amino acid, tryptophan. Cov duab hauv qab no qhia txog pawg phenyl uas tau los ntawm lub nplhaib benzene.
Daim duab 02: Phenyl pawg
Dab tsi yog qhov txawv ntawm Alkyl thiab Aryl Pawg?
Alkyl vs Aryl Pawg |
|
| Alkyl pawg yog pab pawg ua haujlwm tau los ntawm alkanes. | Aryl pawg yog pab pawg ua haujlwm tau los ntawm cov nplhaib uas muaj ntxhiab. |
| Ntiv nplhaib | |
| Alkyl pawg tsis muaj rings | Aryl pawg yog ua los ntawm cov nplhaib uas muaj ntxhiab |
| Morphology | |
| Alkyl pawg tuaj yeem yog cov kab, ceg lossis cov qauv sib tw. | Aryl pawg yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov qauv cyclic. |
| Saturation | |
| Alkyl pawg yeej ib txwm saturated. | Aryl pab pawg tsis txaus ntseeg. |
| kev ruaj ntseg | |
| Cov tshuaj uas muaj cov pab pawg alkyl tsis ruaj khov dua cov uas muaj aryl pawg. | Cov tshuaj muaj aryl pawg ruaj khov dua vim muaj lub nplhaib uas muaj ntxhiab. |
Summary – Alkyl vs Aryl Pawg
Cov tshuaj organic tuaj yeem yog kab, ceg lossis voj voog thiab tej zaum yuav muaj pawg ua haujlwm txuas nrog nws. Alkyl pawg thiab aryl pawg yog ob qho piv txwv ntawm pawg ua haujlwm. Ob pawg alkyl thiab aryl muaj carbon thiab hydrogen atoms. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm pawg alkyl thiab aryl yog cov pab pawg alkyl tsis muaj cov nplhaib uas muaj ntxhiab thaum aryl pawg muaj cov nplhaib uas muaj ntxhiab hauv lawv cov qauv.
