Qhov Tseem Ceeb - Acyl vs Alkyl
Yuav luag txhua cov organic molecules nyob rau hauv cov xwm muaj pawg ua haujlwm hauv lawv cov qauv, uas txiav txim siab cov tshuaj thiab lub cev ntawm cov molecules. Cov ntsiab lus alkyl thiab acyl hais txog moieties (ib feem) ntawm cov molecules loj. Alkyl thiab acyl tuaj yeem ua raws li pawg ua haujlwm ntawm lub ntsiab molecule. Ob pawg no muaj carbon thiab hydrogen atoms. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm pawg alkyl thiab acyl yog tias pawg acyl muaj cov pa atom txuas nrog ob daim ntawv cog lus rau cov pa roj carbon atom thaum pawg alkyl tsis muaj oxygen atom txuas rau nws cov pa roj carbon atom.
Acyl Group yog dab tsi?
Acyl pawg yog ib pawg ua haujlwm muaj nyob hauv qee cov organic molecules. Nws yog tsim los ntawm cov pa roj carbon atom txuas rau ob chav sib txuas oxygen atom thiab ib pawg alkyl. Cov pab pawg acyl tuaj yeem pom tau yooj yim vim muaj C=O ob daim ntawv cog lus. Muaj qhov chaw seem rau lwm lub atom lossis ib pab pawg los txuas rau nws. Acyl pawg yog tsim los ntawm kev tshem tawm ib pawg hydroxyl ntawm oxoacid xws li carboxylic acid. Feem ntau, acyl pawg muaj nyob hauv esters, aldehydes, ketones, acid chlorides, thiab lwm yam.
Lub cim dav dav rau acyl pawg yog muab raws li RCO-. Cov carbocation ua los ntawm ib pawg acyl yog RCO+ Ntawm no, pawg R txuas nrog cov pa roj carbon atom nrog ib daim ntawv cog lus thaum cov pa atom txuas rau cov pa roj carbon nrog ob daim ntawv cog lus. Ib qho piv txwv zoo rau cov molecule uas muaj ib pawg acyl yog acyl chlorides qhov twg acyl pawg txuas nrog chloride atom. Pawg R tuaj yeem yog pawg alkyl lossis ib lub nplhaib uas muaj ntxhiab.
Daim duab 01: Acyl Group
Alkyl Group yog dab tsi?
Alkyl tuaj yeem txhais tau tias yog hydrocarbon radical. Alkyl pawg kuj yog ib pab pawg ua haujlwm. Nws tsuas yog tsim los ntawm carbon thiab hydrogen atoms. Tsis zoo li hauv pawg acyl, tsis muaj oxygen atoms hauv pawg alkyl. Alkyl pawg yog muab los ntawm ib qho alkane. Ib qho hydrogen atom raug tshem tawm ntawm alkane, yog li muaj qhov chaw seem rau nws kom txuas mus rau lwm lub atom lossis molecule. Cov qauv dav dav tuaj yeem muab tau raws li CnH2n+1
Alkyl pawg tuaj yeem hloov pauv rau cov nplhaib uas muaj ntxhiab. Alkyl pawg tuaj yeem muab faib ua ob peb hom raws li cov pa roj carbon uas muaj qhov chaw tsis muaj xws li thawj, theem nrab thiab theem nrab. Lub npe ntawm cov pab pawg alkyl yog muab los ntawm lub npe ntawm cov sib raug zoo alkane. Qee pawg alkyl muaj xws li methyl, ethyl, propyl, thiab lwm yam.
Daim duab 02: Alkyl Group
Qhov txawv ntawm Acyl thiab Alkyl yog dab tsi?
Acyl vs Alkyl |
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| Acyl pawg yog tsim los ntawm cov pa atom. | Alkyl pawg tsis muaj oxygen atom. |
| Acyl pawg yog muab los ntawm oxoacids. | Alkyl pawg yog muab los ntawm alkanes. |
| Acyl pawg muaj ob daim ntawv cog lus tseem ceeb hauv nruab nrab ntawm carbon atom thiab oxygen atom. | Alkyl pawg tsis muaj ob daim ntawv cog lus zoo li no. |
| Hybridization | |
| Carbon atom hauv acyl pawg yog sp2 hybridized | Carbon atom hauv alkyl pawg yog sp3 hybridized. |
| Identification | |
| Cov tshuaj muaj Acyl pawg ua rau acidity hauv dej thaum kuaj pH daws. | Cov tshuaj uas muaj Alkyl pawg tsis ua rau acidity thaum kuaj pH. |
Summary – Acyl vs Alkyl Group
Acyl thiab alkyl pawg ua haujlwm ua haujlwm thaum txuas rau cov saw hlau. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm pawg acyl thiab alkyl yog tias pawg acyl muaj cov pa atom txuas nrog cov pa roj carbon atom nrog ob daim ntawv cog lus thaum pawg alkyl tsis muaj oxygen atoms.
