Qhov Tseem Ceeb - Monosomy vs Trisomy
Chromosomal nondisjunction ua rau tus lej chromosome txawv txav hauv cov menyuam ntxhais. Nws tuaj yeem tshwm sim thaum sib faib cell hauv mitosis thiab meiosis. Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev tsis sib haum xeeb hauv meiosis, cov neeg aneuploid yog tsim tom qab fertilization. Aneuploidy yog kev hloov pauv uas tus lej chromosomal txawv txav. Ib txwm diploid cell (2n) muaj tag nrho ntawm 46 chromosomes teem rau 23 khub. Ib txwm haploid cell (n), uas yog gamete, muaj 23 chromosomes. Aneuploids tuaj yeem muaj ntau dua lossis tsawg dua chromosomes dua li tus lej ib txwm. Trisomy thiab monosomy yog ob qho xws li cov lej chromosome abnormalities uas ua rau yug tsis xws luag. Lo lus monosomy yog siv los piav qhia txog qhov txawv txav ntawm chromosomal uas ib chromosome tsis tuaj ntawm ib khub ntawm homologous chromosomes. Lub sij hawm trisomy yog siv los piav txog tus naj npawb ntawm chromosome txawv txav uas peb chromosomes (ib txwm khub + chromosome ntxiv) muaj nyob rau hauv homologous chromosomes. Qhov no yog qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm monosomy thiab trisomy. Yog li, tus mob aneuploid rau monosomy yog 2n-1 thaum rau trisomy nws yog 2n + 1.
Monosomy yog dab tsi?
Lo lus monosomic hais txog 'ib chromosome'. Lo lus monosomy yog siv los piav qhia qhov mob aneuploid uas tsis muaj ib tus tswv cuab ntawm ib khub chromosome homologous. Vim yog qhov mob no, cov hlwb uas tshwm sim yuav muaj 45 chromosomes xwb es tsis yog 46 chromosomes li niaj zaus. Cells qhia 2n-1 chromosomes nyob rau hauv txhua lub cell ntawm lub cev. Piv txwv li, monosomy ntawm kev sib deev chromosome ua rau Turner's syndrome nyob rau hauv uas tib neeg dais ib leeg X chromosome. Lwm qhov piv txwv ntawm monosomy yog Cri du chat syndrome uas yog tshwm sim los ntawm ib nrab monosomy ntawm chromosome 5.1p36 deletion syndrome yog lwm yam mob uas tshwm sim los ntawm ib feem ntawm monosomy ntawm chromosome 1.
Monosomy ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam rau tib neeg. Cov chromosome ploj lawm ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv hauv tag nrho cov noob sib npaug ntawm chromosome teeb. Nws kuj tso cai rau ib qho teeb meem recessive allele ntawm tib chromosome ua hemizygous thiab qhia phenotypically.
Daim duab 01: Karyotype ntawm monosomy X - Turner's syndrome
Trisomy yog dab tsi?
Lub sij hawm trisomy piav qhia txog cov xwm txheej uas muaj chromosome ntxiv nyob rau hauv ib khub ntawm homologous chromosomes. Peb daim ntawv yog tam sim no los ntawm ib khub chromosome homologous. Txhua lub cell ntawm lub cev yuav muaj tag nrho ntawm 47 chromosomes es tsis txhob ntawm 46 chromosomes li niaj zaus. Piv txwv li, trisomy 21 lossis Down syndrome tshwm sim vim muaj peb daim ntawv theej ntawm chromosome 21. Trisomy 18 yog lwm qhov piv txwv uas peb daim ntawv theej ntawm chromosome 18 yog tam sim no dua li cov khub ib txwm ua rau tus mob hu ua Edwards syndrome. Patau syndrome yog tshwm sim vim muaj peb chromosomes nyob rau hauv chromosome tooj 13. Trisomy ntawm kev sib deev chromosome khub kuj pom tau. Yog tias qhov no tshwm sim, ntau qhov txawv txav ntawm kev sib deev chromosome xws li XXX (triple X syndrome), XYY thiab XXY (Klinefelter syndrome) yuav tshwm sim.
Daim duab 02: Karyotype ntawm 21 trisomy - Down syndrome
Qhov txawv ntawm Monosomy thiab Trisomy yog dab tsi?
Monosomy vs Trisomy |
|
| Monosomy yog hom aneuploidy uas tsuas yog ib daim ntawv tam sim no tsis yog ob | Trisomy yog hom aneuploidy uas peb daim ntawv theej ntawm ib qho chromosome tam sim no tsis yog ob. |
| Chromosome nab npawb | |
| Cells muaj 2n-1 tus lej ntawm chromosomes (tag nrho ntawm 45). | Cells dais 2n + 1 tus lej ntawm chromosomes (tag nrho ntawm 47). |
| Turner's syndrome, Cri du chat syndrome, thiab 1p36 deletion syndrome yog tshwm sim los ntawm qhov no. | Down syndrome, Edwards syndrome, Patau syndrome, Klinefelter syndrome, Warkany syndrome 2, thiab triple X yog tshwm sim los ntawm qhov no. |
Summary – Monosomy vs Trisomy
Cell division yog txheej txheem cellular uas tsim cov hlwb tshiab rau ntau lub hom phiaj. Muaj cov xwm txheej uas kev faib tawm ntawm tes qhia qhov ua yuam kev hauv chromosomal disjunction. Nws yog lub npe hu ua chromosomal nondisjunction thiab nws tshwm sim thaum lub sij hawm mitosis thiab meiosis ua rau cov hlwb diploid thiab haploid nrog cov lej chromosomal txawv txav. Monosomy thiab trisomy yog ob hom lej chromosomal txawv txav. Monosomy yog ib yam mob uas piav txog qhov tsis muaj ib daim ntawv luam ntawm ib khub ntawm chromosomes. Trisomy yog ib yam mob uas piav txog qhov muaj peb daim ntawv luam ntawm ib qho chromosome es tsis yog ob daim ntawv luam. Ob qho xwm txheej no ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam rau tib neeg los ntawm kev ua kom tsis sib xws hauv cov caj ces tag nrho.
