Qhov Tseem Ceeb Qhov txawv - Cladogram vs Phylogenetic Tsob Ntoo
Evolution thiab phylogeny yog ze ze rau ob lo lus uas pab piav txog kev sib raug zoo thiab cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov kab mob sib txawv. Evolution piav qhia tias ib pawg kab mob twg tau hloov zuj zus, tsim thiab xaiv los ntawm lub sijhawm. Phylogeny piav qhia txog keeb kwm kev loj hlob ntawm cov kab mob. Muaj cov duab sib txawv tsim los ntawm biologists los qhia txog kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov kab mob. Phylogenetic ntoo thiab cladogram yog ob daim duab kos duab tsim los qhia txog kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov kab mob sib txawv. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cladogram thiab tsob ntoo phylogenetic yog tias cladogram tsuas yog qhia txog kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov kab mob sib txawv nrog rau cov poj koob yawm txwv thaum phylogenetic ntoo qhia txog kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov kab mob sib txawv nrog rau lub sij hawm evolutionary thiab tus nqi hloov nrog lub sij hawm.
Cladogram yog dab tsi?
Ib cladogran yog daim duab kos duab uas qhia txog kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov kab mob sib ze. Nws yog ib hom ntoo phylogenetic. Tab sis nws tsuas yog qhia txog kev sib raug zoo ntawm clades nrog cov poj koob yawm txwv. Raws li ib qho piv txwv, cladogram qhia tias tib neeg muaj kev sib raug zoo nrog chimpanzees ntau dua li gorilla, tab sis nws tsis qhia lub sij hawm hloov pauv thiab qhov kev ncua deb ntawm cov poj koob yawm txwv.
Cladogram yog daim duab ntoo zoo li uas yog kos siv kab. Cov nodes ntawm cladogram sawv cev rau kev sib cais ntawm ob pawg los ntawm ib tug poj koob yawm txwv. Clades tau xaus rau ntawm qhov kawg ntawm cov kab thiab cov tswv cuab ntawm ib qho tshwj xeeb clade qhia cov yam ntxwv zoo sib xws. Clades yog tsim los siv qhov sib txawv molecular es tsis txhob ntawm cov yam ntxwv morphological. Txawm li cas los xij, cladograms tuaj yeem tsim tau siv cov ntaub ntawv morphological thiab kev coj tus cwj pwm zoo.
Daim duab 01: Tus Primate Cladogram
tsob ntoo Phylogenetic yog dab tsi?
Kev tshawb fawb Phylogenetic muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau kev nrhiav cov lus teb rau cov teeb meem sib txawv hauv evolutionary biology xws li kev sib raug zoo ntawm hom thiab lawv cov keeb kwm, kev kis tus kab mob, kev tsiv teb tsaws ntawm hom, thiab lwm yam. kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov kab mob nyob rau hauv relation mus rau evolutionary hloov ntawm cov kab mob. Ib tsob ntoo phylogenetic yog daim duab uas qhia txog kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov kab mob raws li lawv cov yam ntxwv, keeb kwm ntawm caj ces, thiab kev sib raug zoo evolutionary. Piv nrog rau cladogram, tsob ntoo phylogenetic muaj txiaj ntsig ntau dua thaum tham txog kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov kab mob hauv txoj kev muaj txiaj ntsig nrog kev hwm rau lawv cov poj koob yawm txwv thiab kev hloov pauv. Phylogenetic ntoo yog kos zoo li ib tsob ntoo ceg ntoo uas cov ceg ntev yog proportional rau evolutionary nrug, tsis zoo li ib tug cladogram.
Biologists txheeb xyuas cov yam ntxwv sib txawv ntawm cov kab mob uas siv cov cuab yeej tshuaj ntsuam sib txawv xws li parsimony, nrug, zoo li thiab bayesian txoj kev, thiab lwm yam. Lawv xav txog ntau yam ntawm cov kab mob xws li morphological, anatomical, cwj pwm, biochemical, molecular thiab fossil yam ntxwv los tsim phylogenetic. ntoo.
Daim duab 02: tsob ntoo phylogenetic
Qhov txawv ntawm Cladogram thiab Phylogenetic Tsob Ntoo yog dab tsi?
Cladogram vs Phylogogenetic Tsob Ntoo |
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| Cladogram tsis yog tsob ntoo evolutionary. Yog li ntawd, nws tsis qhia kev sib raug zoo evolutionary. | Phylogenetic tsob ntoo yog tsob ntoo evolutionary. Nws qhia txog kev sib raug zoo evolutionary. |
| Cladogram sawv cev rau qhov kev xav txog qhov tseeb evolutionary keeb kwm ntawm ib pawg. | Phylogenetic tsob ntoo sawv cev qhov tseeb evolutionary keeb kwm ntawm kab mob. |
| Cladogram yog kos nrog qhov sib npaug-ntev. Qhov ntev ntawm ceg tsis sawv cev rau qhov evolutionary nrug. | ceg ntev ntawm tsob ntoo phylogenetic qhia txog kev hloov pauv mus deb. |
| Qhia txog Lub Sijhawm Evolutionary | |
| Cladogram tsis qhia txog lub sijhawm hloov pauv hloov pauv thaum sib cais cov kab mob 'taxa. | Phylogenetic tsob ntoo qhia txog lub sijhawm hloov pauv ntawm lub sijhawm thaum sib cais cov kab mob 'taxa. |
Summary – Cladogram vs Phylogenetic Tsob Ntoo
A cladogram yog daim duab uas qhia txog kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov kab mob sib txawv raws li lawv qhov sib txawv. Ib tsob ntoo phylogenetic yog ib daim duab uas qhia txog keeb kwm phylogenetic ntawm cov kab mob nrog rau lub sij hawm geological. Nws sawv cev rau kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov kab mob thiab cov keeb kwm evolutionary. Qhov no yog qhov txawv ntawm cladogram thiab tsob ntoo phylogenetic.
