Qhov Tseem Ceeb Qhov txawv - Inductive Effect vs Mesomeric Effect
Inductive effect thiab mesomeric effect yog ob hom hluav taws xob cuam tshuam hauv polyatomic molecules. Txawm li cas los xij, cov nyhuv inductive thiab mesomeric nyhuv tshwm sim vim ob yam sib txawv. Piv txwv li, cov nyhuv inductive yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm polarization ntawm σ bonds thiab cov nyhuv mesomeric yog los ntawm cov khoom siv los yog cov pab pawg ua haujlwm hauv cov tshuaj lom neeg. Ob qho tib si mesomeric thiab inductive nyhuv tuaj yeem muaj nyob hauv qee cov molecules complex.
Qhov cuam tshuam Inductive yog dab tsi?
Inductive effect yog cov teebmeem hluav taws xob hauv cov polar molecules lossis ions vim yog polarization ntawm σ bonds. Qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb ntawm cov nyhuv inductive yog qhov sib txawv ntawm electro-negativity ntawm cov atoms ntawm qhov kawg ntawm daim ntawv cog lus. Qhov no tsim ib co kev sib raug zoo polarity ntawm ob lub atoms. Feem ntau electronegative atoms rub electrons hauv daim ntawv cog lus ntawm nws tus kheej, thiab qhov no ua rau polarization ntawm daim ntawv cog lus. Qee qhov piv txwv yog O-H thiab C-Cl daim ntawv cog lus.
Nyob zoo ib tsoom niam txiv kwv tij neej tsa sawv daws.
Mesomeric Effect yog dab tsi?
Cov nyhuv mesomeric tshwm sim vim yog cov khoom hloov pauv lossis cov pab pawg ua haujlwm hauv cov tshuaj lom neeg, thiab nws tau sawv cev los ntawm tsab ntawv M. Cov nyhuv no yog ib txoj hauv kev zoo ntawm kev piav qhia txog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tshem tawm lossis tso tawm cov khoom ntawm cov khoom hloov pauv, raws li cov txiaj ntsig tau zoo. muaj feem cuam tshuam cov qauv resonance. Nws yog ib qho txiaj ntsig mus tas li hauv cov tshuaj sib xyaw ua ke los ntawm tsawg kawg ib daim ntawv cog lus ob thiab lwm daim ntawv cog lus ob lossis ib khub sib cais los ntawm ib daim ntawv cog lus. Cov nyhuv mesomeric tuaj yeem muab faib ua 'tsis zoo' thiab 'zoo' raws li cov khoom siv hloov pauv. Cov nyhuv yog qhov zoo (+M), thaum qhov hloov pauv yog ib pawg tso tawm hluav taws xob, thiab cov nyhuv tsis zoo (-M), thaum cov khoom hloov pauv yog pawg tshem tawm hluav taws xob.
Dab tsi yog qhov txawv ntawm Inductive Effect thiab Mesomeric Effect?
Properties:
Inductive Effect: Cov nyhuv inductive yog lub xeev ruaj khov ntawm polarization. Thaum muaj ib daim ntawv cog lus ntawm ob lub atoms sib txawv (thaum cov txiaj ntsig electronegative ntawm ob lub atoms tsis zoo sib xws) cov electron ceev ntawm ob lub atoms tsis sib xws. Lub electron ceev yog ntau ntom rau ntau electronegative atom. Txawm hais tias nws yog ib qho txiaj ntsig mus tas li, nws kuj tsis muaj zog, thiab yog li ntawd, nws tuaj yeem yooj yim dhau los ntawm lwm cov teebmeem hluav taws xob muaj zog.
Mesomeric Effect: Mesomeric effect yog tshwm sim los ntawm delocalization ntawm electrons. Nws tuaj yeem kis tau raws li tus lej ntawm cov pa roj carbon atoms hauv qhov system conjugated. Nws tuaj yeem suav tau tias yog qhov polarization tas mus li, feem ntau pom nyob rau hauv cov saw hlau tsis huv.
Cov Yam Tseem Ceeb:
Inductive Effect: Qhov sib txawv electronegativity ntawm ob lub atoms hauv daim ntawv cog lus ncaj qha cuam tshuam rau cov nyhuv inductive. Tsis tas li ntawd, nws yog qhov tshwm sim nyob deb-nyob; yog li ntawd, daim ntawv cog lus ntev kuj yog lwm qhov cuam tshuam; qhov deb dua, qhov cuam tshuam tsis muaj zog.
Mesomeric Effect: Cov nyhuv mesomeric yog cov nyhuv tas mus li uas nyob ntawm cov khoom siv los yog cov pab pawg ua haujlwm hauv cov tshuaj lom neeg. Nws pom muaj nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj sib txuas uas muaj tsawg kawg yog ib daim ntawv cog lus ob thiab lwm daim ntawv cog lus ob lossis ib khub sib cais los ntawm ib daim ntawv cog lus.
Categories:
Inductive Effect: Cov nyhuv inductive tau muab faib ua ob pawg raws li lawv cov electron rho tawm lossis electron tso tawm cuam tshuam nrog rau hydrogen.
Cov nyhuv tsis zoo Inductive (-I):
Cov pab pawg lossis atoms muaj cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tshem tawm ua rau muaj qhov cuam tshuam tsis zoo. Qee qhov piv txwv tau teev tseg hauv qab no raws li qhov kev txiav txim txo qis ntawm -I effect.
NH3+ > NO2 > CN > SO 3H > CHO > CO > COOH > COCl > CONH22 > F > Cl 6 64356245 3 B6356245 3> C6H5 > H
Cov txiaj ntsig zoo Inductive (-I):
Cov pab pawg lossis atoms muaj cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tso tawm ua rau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo inductive. Qee qhov piv txwv tau teev tseg hauv qab no, raws li qhov kev txiav txim txo qis ntawm +I effect.
C(CH3)3 > CH(CH3) 2 > CH2CH3 > CH3 > H
Mesomeric Effect:
Cov txiaj ntsig zoo Mesomeric (+M):
Thaum qhov hloov pauv tuaj yeem suav tau tias yog pawg tso tawm hluav taws xob raws li cov qauv resonance, cov nyhuv yog qhov zoo (+M).
+M hloov pauv: cawv, amine, benzene
Negative Mesomeric Effect (- M):
Thaum tus hloov pauv yog pawg electron rho tawm, cov nyhuv mesomeric yog qhov tsis zoo (-M)
–M hloov pauv: acetyl (ethanoyl), nitrile, nitro
