Qhov Tseem Ceeb Qhov txawv - Inductive Effect vs Electromeric Effect
Inductive effect thiab electromeric effect yog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob uas cuam tshuam cov tshuaj lom neeg ntawm cov organic tebchaw. Cov nyhuv inductive yog cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev sib kis ntawm tus nqi los ntawm cov saw hlau ntawm atoms uas ua rau lub dipole mus tas li hauv cov tshuaj lom neeg. Cov nyhuv electromeric yog tag nrho cov hloov ntawm pi electrons nyob rau hauv ib tug molecule nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm tus neeg sawv cev tawm tsam. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov nyhuv inductive thiab cov nyhuv electromeric yog tias cov nyhuv inductive tuaj yeem pom hauv sigma daim ntawv cog lus thaum cov nyhuv electromeric tuaj yeem pom hauv pi bonds.
Dab tsi yog Inductive Effect
Cov nyhuv inductive yog cov txiaj ntsig ntawm tus nqi ntawm daim ntawv cog lus tshuaj muaj nyob rau ntawm kev taw qhia ntawm cov ntawv cog lus uas nyob ib sab hauv cov molecule. Hauv lwm lo lus, cov nyhuv inductive yog cov txiaj ntsig ntawm kev sib kis ntawm cov nqi los ntawm cov saw hlau ntawm cov atoms hauv cov molecule. Yog li, cov nyhuv inductive yog qhov tshwm sim nyob deb-nyob ntawm qhov tshwm sim. Cov nyhuv inductive nyob rau hauv ib lub molecule tsim ib tug mus tas li dipole nyob rau hauv tshuaj bonds. Cov nyhuv inductive ntawm molecules ua rau induced polarity.
Thaum ob lub atoms nrog qhov sib txawv electronegativity qhov tseem ceeb tsim ib daim ntawv cog lus tshuaj (sigma daim ntawv cog lus), cov hluav taws xob ceev ntawm cov atoms tsis sib xws. Qhov no tshwm sim vim hais tias ntau electrons yog attracted los ntawm lub atom nrog ib tug ntau dua electronegativity. Tom qab ntawd lub atom no tau txais ib feem tsis zoo nqi piv rau qhov tsawg dua electronegative atom. Qhov qis electronegative atom tau txais ib feem ntawm qhov zoo.
Daim duab 01: Inductive Effect in a Water Molecule
Yog tias lub atom electronegative txuas nrog cov saw hlau ntawm atoms, lwm cov atoms ntawm cov saw tau txais tus nqi zoo thaum lub atom no tau txais cov nqi tsis zoo. Nws yog ib qho electron rho tawm inductive nyhuv uas yog "-I Effect." Hauv qhov sib piv, qee cov atoms lossis pawg ntawm atoms tsawg dua electron rho tawm. Li no, cov nyhuv inductive tshwm sim los ntawm cov tshuaj no yog hu ua electron-tso inductive nyhuv denoted los ntawm "+ kuv nyhuv."
Electromeric Effect yog dab tsi?
Electromeric effect yog qhov ua tiav ntawm pi electrons nyob rau hauv ib lub molecule nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm tus neeg sawv cev tawm tsam. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib tug polarizability nyhuv. Kev hloov hluav taws xob yog intramolecular (tshwj xeeb hauv cov molecule). Cov nyhuv electromeric tuaj yeem pom hauv cov molecules uas muaj ntau daim ntawv cog lus.
Electromeric effect tshwm sim thaum lub molecule muaj ntau daim ntawv cog lus raug rau tus neeg sawv cev tawm tsam xws li proton (H+). Cov nyhuv no yog ib ntus, tab sis nws tseem nyob kom txog thaum tus neeg sawv cev tawm tsam raug tshem tawm. Cov nyhuv ua rau ib khub pi electron raug xa mus los ntawm ib lub atom mus rau lwm lub atom. Nws tsim cov polarization ib ntus, thiab tus neeg sawv cev tawm tsam tseem txuas nrog rau cov molecule. Muaj ob hom kev cuam tshuam electromeric;
- Cov txiaj ntsig zoo electromeric (+ E nyhuv)
- Neegative electromeric effect (-E Effect)
Daim duab 02: Cov nyhuv electromeric zoo (+ E nyhuv) thiab cov nyhuv tsis zoo electromeric (-E Effect)
Qhov txiaj ntsig zoo electromeric tshwm sim thaum tus khub pi electron raug xa mus rau lub atom uas tus neeg sawv cev tawm tsam txuas nrog. Nyob rau hauv sib piv, qhov tsis zoo electromeric nyhuv yog tshwm sim los ntawm kev hloov ntawm pi electron khub mus rau lub atoms uas tus neeg sawv cev tawm tsam tsis txuas.
Dab tsi yog qhov zoo sib xws ntawm Inductive Effect thiab Electromeric Effect?
- Ob qho Inductive Effect thiab Electromeric Effect yog cov teebmeem electrochemical uas tuaj yeem pom hauv cov organic compounds.
- Ob leeg Inductive Effect thiab Electromeric teebmeem ua rau polarization ntawm cov molecule.
Qhov txawv ntawm Inductive Effect thiab Electromeric Effect yog dab tsi?
Inductive Effect vs Electrometric Effect |
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| Cov nyhuv inductive yog cov txiaj ntsig uas tus nqi ntawm daim ntawv cog lus tshuaj muaj nyob rau ntawm kev taw qhia ntawm cov ntawv cog lus uas nyob ib sab hauv lub molecule. | Electromeric effect yog tag nrho cov hloov pauv ntawm pi electrons nyob rau hauv ib lub molecule nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm tus neeg sawv cev tawm tsam. |
| Tshuaj Bonds | |
| Inductive effect tuaj yeem pom hauv sigma daim ntawv cog lus. | Electromeric effect tuaj yeem pom hauv pi bonds. |
| Inductive effect ua rau tsim cov dipole mus tas li hauv cov ntawv cog lus tshuaj. | Electromeric effect ua rau tsim cov polarization ib ntus hauv cov molecules. |
| Forms | |
| Inductive e effect tuaj yeem pom raws li -I Effect thiab +I Effect. | Electromeric effect tuaj yeem pom raws li -E Effect thiab +E Effect. |
| Tus Neeg Sawv Cev | |
| Inductive effect tshwm sim yam tsis muaj tus neeg sawv cev tawm tsam. | Electromeric effect tshwm sim nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm tus neeg sawv cev tawm tsam. |
Summary – Inductive Effect vs Electromeric Effect
Inductive effect thiab electromeric effect yog electrochemical yam ntawm cov organic compounds. Cov nyhuv inductive ua rau cov dipole mus tas li hauv cov ntawv cog lus tshuaj. Tab sis cov nyhuv electromeric ua rau ib ntus polarization ntawm molecules. Qhov sib txawv ntawm cov nyhuv inductive thiab cov nyhuv electromeric yog cov nyhuv inductive tuaj yeem pom hauv sigma bonds whereas electromeric effect tuaj yeem pom hauv pi bonds.
