Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm hyperconjugation thiab inductive nyhuv yog tias hyperconjugation piav qhia kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm sigma bonds thiab pi bonds whereas inductive effect piav qhia kev xa hluav taws xob los ntawm cov saw hlau ntawm atoms.
Ob lo lus hyperconjugation thiab inductive effect yog cov teebmeem hluav taws xob hauv cov organic tebchaw uas ua rau muaj kev ruaj khov ntawm cov compound.
Hyperconjugation yog dab tsi?
Hyperconjugation yog kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm σ-bonds nrog pi bond network. Nyob rau hauv lub tswv yim no, peb hais tias cov electrons nyob rau hauv ib tug sigma daim ntawv cog lus undergo ib tug kev sib raug zoo nrog ib tug nyob ib sab (los yog tag nrho) puv p orbital, los yog nrog ib tug pi orbital. Cov txheej txheem no yuav siv qhov chaw txhawm rau txhawm rau txhawm rau txhim kho kev ruaj ntseg ntawm cov molecule.
Daim duab 01: Ib qho piv txwv ntawm kev sib txuas lus Hyperconjugation
Qhov ua rau hyperconjugation yog qhov sib tshooj ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm electrons hauv C-H sigma daim ntawv cog lus nrog p orbital lossis pi orbital ntawm cov pa roj carbon atom uas nyob ib sab. Ntawm no, hydrogen atom nyob ze ze li ib tug proton. Tus nqi tsis zoo uas tsim los ntawm cov pa roj carbon atom raug delocalization vim qhov sib tshooj ntawm p orbital lossis pi orbital. Tsis tas li ntawd, muaj ntau qhov cuam tshuam ntawm hyperconjugation ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg ntawm cov tebchaw. piv txwv li nyob rau hauv carbocation, hyperconjugation ua rau tus nqi zoo ntawm carbon atom.
Qhov cuam tshuam Inductive yog dab tsi?
Inductive effect yog qhov tshwm sim los ntawm kev sib kis ntawm cov nqi hluav taws xob thoob plaws hauv cov saw hlau ntawm atoms. Qhov kev xa tawm ntawm tus nqi no thaum kawg ua rau cov hluav taws xob ruaj khov ntawm cov atoms. Cov nyhuv no tshwm sim vim qhov sib txawv ntawm cov txiaj ntsig electronegative ntawm atoms ntawm ib lub molecule.
Ib lub atom nrog lub siab dua electronegativity nyiam nyiam cov hluav taws xob ntawm lawv tus kheej dua li qis electronegative atoms. Yog li ntawd, thaum lub atom heev electronegative thiab ib tug tsawg electronegative atom nyob rau hauv ib tug covalent daim ntawv cog lus, daim ntawv cog lus electrons yog attracted rau lub heev electronegative atom. Qhov no induces lub qis electronegative atom kom tau ib feem zoo xwb. Lub atom heev electronegative yuav tau txais ib feem tsis zoo nqi. Peb hu qhov no daim ntawv cog lus polarization.
Cov nyhuv inductive tshwm sim nyob rau hauv ob txoj kev raws li hauv qab no.
Electron tso
Cov txiaj ntsig no tau pom thaum cov pab pawg xws li alkyl pawg txuas nrog rau cov molecule. Cov pab pawg no tsis tshua muaj hluav taws xob rho tawm thiab nyiam muab cov hluav taws xob rau cov khoom seem ntawm cov molecule.
Electron rho tawm
Qhov no tshwm sim thaum lub atom electronegative heev los yog ib pab pawg txuas mus rau lub molecule. Cov atom lossis pawg no yuav nyiam cov khoom siv hluav taws xob los ntawm qhov seem ntawm cov molecule.
Ntxiv mus, cov nyhuv inductive muaj qhov cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau kev ruaj ntseg ntawm cov molecules, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov organic molecules. Yog tias cov pa roj carbon atom muaj cov nqi zoo ib nrab, ib pawg hluav taws xob tso tawm xws li pab pawg alkyl tuaj yeem txo lossis tshem tawm cov nqi zoo ib nrab los ntawm kev muab cov hluav taws xob. Tom qab ntawd qhov kev ruaj ntseg ntawm cov molecule nce.
Qhov txawv ntawm Hyperconjugation thiab Inductive Effect yog dab tsi?
Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm hyperconjugation thiab inductive nyhuv yog tias hyperconjugation piav qhia kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm sigma bonds thiab pi bonds whereas inductive effect piav qhia kev xa hluav taws xob los ntawm cov saw hlau ntawm atoms. Hyperconjugation stabilizes lub molecule los ntawm pi-electron delocalization thaum inductive nyhuv stabilizes lub molecule ntawm kis ntawm hluav taws xob nqi los ntawm lub molecule.
Summary – Hyperconjugation vs Inductive Effect
Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm hyperconjugation thiab inductive nyhuv yog tias hyperconjugation piav qhia kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm sigma bonds thiab pi bonds whereas inductive effect piav qhia kev xa hluav taws xob los ntawm cov saw hlau ntawm atoms.
