Qhov Tseem Ceeb - Immunoglobulin vs. Antibody
Kev tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob yog lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm tib neeg lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas thiab nruab nrab cov kab mob xws li kab mob thiab kab mob. Ob qho immunoglobulin thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob yog cov lus hloov pauv. Qee cov kws tshawb fawb ntseeg tias immunoglobulin yog cov chav kawm tseem ceeb ntawm cov proteins uas cov tshuaj tiv thaiv muaj nyob ntawm lawv cov qauv protein tag nrho. Qhov no yog qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm immunoglobulin thiab antibody. Kab lus no yuav piav qhia txog immunoglobulin thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob thiab qhia txog qhov sib txawv ntawm immunoglobulin thiab tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob.
YImmunoglobulin yog dab tsi?
Cov ntsiab lus antibody thiab immunoglobulin nquag siv sib hloov. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv muaj nyob rau hauv immunoglobulin superfamily hu ua glycoproteins. Txawm li cas los xij, raws li cov pov thawj tshawb fawb, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tsis zoo ib yam rau immunoglobulin. B hlwb tuaj yeem tsim ob hom immunoglobulin, thiab lawv yog ib qho chaw immunoglobulin, uas yog B-cell receptors thiab secreted immunoglobulin, uas yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv.
YAntibody yog dab tsi?
Ib qho tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob kuj raug txheeb xyuas tias yog immunoglobulin. Qhov no yog ib qho hnyav, globular Y-puab protein tsim los ntawm plasma hlwb. Nws yog siv los ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob txhawm rau txheeb xyuas thiab tshem tawm cov kab mob xws li kab mob thiab kab mob. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob sib txawv ib qho tshwj xeeb molecule ntawm cov teeb meem tus neeg sawv cev, hu ua antigen, los ntawm thaj tsam sib txawv. Kev tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob yog lub hauv paus ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob, thiab lawv tau zais los ntawm lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob sib txawv B hlwb hu ua plasma hlwb. Nws tau kwv yees tias tib neeg lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob tsim tawm txog 10 billion ntau hom tshuaj tiv thaiv. Lawv muaj peev xwm los khi ib tug tshwj xeeb epitope ntawm ib tug antigen. Tsis tas li ntawd, ntau txoj hauv kev genetic mechanisms tau tsim uas tso cai rau mammalian sib txawv B hlwb los tsim ib tug lwm yam pas dej ua ke ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv los ntawm ib tug sib piv me me ntawm antibody noob.
Qhov txawv ntawm Immunoglobulin thiab Antibody yog dab tsi?
Tsuas muaj ob peb qhov sib txawv ntawm immunoglobulin thiab tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob uas tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas tau thiab lawv yog;
Definition:
Immunoglobulin: Ib pawg loj ntawm glycoproteins uas tsim cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob tsim los teb rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv antigenic.
Antibody: Immunoglobulin multichain glycoproteins synthesized los ntawm beta-cells thiab plasma hlwb teb rau kev taw qhia ntawm txawv teb chaws tshuaj.
Kev faib tawm:
Immunoglobulin: B hlwb tsim ob hom immunoglobulin xws li nto immunoglobulin thiab secreted immunoglobulin
Antibody: Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog ib ntawm ob chav kawm ntawm immunoglobulin.
Major Functions:
Immunoglobulin muaj ob lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb. Lawv yog;
- Ntog immunoglobulin: Daim ntawv membrane-bound ntawm ib qho tshuaj tiv thaiv tej zaum yuav raug hu ua membrane immunoglobulin (mIg). Nws yog ib feem ntawm B cell receptor (BCR), thiab nws tso cai rau B cell los txheeb xyuas thaum twg ib qho antigen muaj nyob hauv lub cev thiab txhawb nqa B cell ua haujlwm.
- Secreted immunoglobulin: Pab txheeb xyuas thiab rhuav tshem cov kab mob xws li kab mob thiab kab mob
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv muaj ib qho haujlwm tseem ceeb. Cov tshuaj phem raug lees paub thiab nruab nrab los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Ntxiv rau qhov ntawd, ntau cov txheej txheem immunodiagnostic raws li kev tshawb pom ntawm complex antigen-antibody yog siv los txheeb xyuas thiab kuaj cov kab mob sib kis. Piv txwv li ELISA, Western blot, immunofluorescence, immuno-diffusion, immuno-electrophoresis, thiab magnetic immunoassay.
Kev sib tw
Immunoglobulin muaj tsib pawg ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Lawv yog,
- IgA: feem ntau daim ntawv thiab lawv muaj nyob rau hauv mucous daim nyias nyias ntawm GI ib ntsuj av, ua pa ib ntsuj av tau, thiab nyob rau hauv qaub ncaug thiab kua muag.
- IgD: Nws muaj nyob hauv cov ntshav, thiab nws txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb yog koom nrog cov lus teb tsis haum
- IgE: Nws muaj nyob rau hauv daim tawv nqaij thiab mucous daim nyias nyias, thiab nws muaj peev xwm teb rau ib puag ncig antigens los yog txawv teb chaws invaders. Yog li ntawd, nws tuaj yeem ua lub luag haujlwm hauv kev sib kis ntawm daim tawv nqaij.
- IgG: Qhov no nthuav dav thoob plaws lub cev thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tseem ceeb tiv thaiv kab mob ntxeem tau thiab lwm yam antigens
- IgM: Qhov no pom muaj nyob hauv cov ntshav. Lawv tuaj yeem tua cov kab mob ntshav thiab ua rau IgG ntau lawm.
Antibody: Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv sib txawv yog tsim los ntawm pawg immunoglobulin saum toj no.
Nyob rau hauv qhov xaus, nws yog ib qho nyuaj rau kev qhia meej txog qhov sib txawv loj ntawm immunoglobulin thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Hauv cov ntsiab lus yooj yim, ib qho tshuaj tiv thaiv yog tsim tawm tsam ib qho antigen (cov khoom txawv teb chaws lossis kab mob pathogenic). Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob uas tsim los ntawm B hlwb yuav paub meej txog cov tshuaj lom lossis cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob thiab tseem tsim cov tshuaj antigen-antibody complex. Yog li ntawd, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yuav pab kom tsis txhob muaj cov antigen los ntawm lub cev. Ntxiv rau qhov ntawd, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv uas tsim los ntawm B hlwb yuav nyob rau saum Immunoglobulin (IgG) chav kawm.
