Qhov Tseem Ceeb Qhov txawv - Excitation vs Ionization Potential
Ob nqe lus excitation muaj peev xwm thiab ionization muaj peev xwm cuam tshuam nrog lub zog xav tau txav electrons, tab sis muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm lawv raws li qhov chaw ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob. Hauv lwm lo lus, nyob rau hauv ob qho xwm txheej no, lub hom phiaj ntawm electron tom qab lub zog sib txawv. Ob lub zog ntawm electrons tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas qhov no. Cov hluav taws xob tuaj yeem txav mus rau qib siab dua nyob rau hauv lub atom lossis molecule los yog tshem tawm lawv tus kheej ntawm lub nucleus thiab txav deb ntawm lub atom. Ob qho ntawm cov txheej txheem no yuav tsum muaj qhov tseeb ntawm lub zog. Cov hluav taws xob tsis tuaj yeem txav tau tshwj tsis yog tias lub zog xav tau tsis nqus. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm excitation thiab ionization muaj peev xwm yog tias excitation muaj peev xwm yog lub zog yuav tsum tau dhia los ntawm ib theem zog mus rau lwm yam thaum ionization muaj peev xwm yog lub zog yuav tsum tau tshem tawm ib tug electron ntawm ib tug atom.
Qhov Muaj Peev Xwm Zoo Li Cas?
Atoms muaj qib zog uas hu ua orbits. Electrons txav ib ncig ntawm lub nucleus hauv cov orbits. Cov hluav taws xob tsis tuaj yeem xaiv lub voj voog ncaj ncees; lawv tau muab tso rau hauv qee lub orbits raws li lawv cov qib zog thiab lawv raug txwv kom txav los yog dhia mus rau lwm qib zog tshwj tsis yog lawv nqus tau lub zog xav tau. Tsiv ntawm ib lub orbit mus rau lwm qhov tom qab nqus tau lub zog xav tau yog hu ua excitation thiab lub zog absorbed txav ntawm ib lub orbit mus rau lwm qhov yog hu ua excitation muaj peev xwm los yog excitation zog.
Ionization Potential yog dab tsi?
Ionization yog txheej txheem ntawm tshem tawm cov hluav taws xob los ntawm lub plhaub valence. Feem ntau, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob sib txuas rau cov nucleus los ntawm cov hluav taws xob muaj zog. Yog li ntawd, lub zog yuav tsum tau tshem tawm tag nrho cov electron ntawm lub atom. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias tshem tawm ib qho hluav taws xob los ntawm atom los yog molecule mus rau qhov kev ncua deb. Lub zog xav tau rau cov txheej txheem no hu ua, "ionization zog" lossis "ionization peev xwm".
Hauv lwm lo lus, nws yog qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov pib lub xeev, nyob rau hauv uas electron yog bounded rau lub nucleus thiab lub kawg lub xeev nyob rau hauv uas electron tsis txuas mus rau lub nucleus uas nws yog so nyob rau hauv lub infinity.
Lub sijhawm hloov pauv rau lub zog ionization (IE) vs. proton tus lej
Qhov txawv ntawm Excitation thiab Ionization Potential yog dab tsi?
Definition of Excitation and Ionization Potential
Muaj peev xwm txaus siab:
Lub zog nqus los ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob kom txav los ntawm ib theem zog mus rau qib siab zog yog hu ua, "excitation potential" lossis excitation zog. Qhov no feem ntau yog lub zog sib txawv ntawm lub xeev pib thiab zaum kawg.
Ceebtoom: electron txav mus rau hauv lub atom, tab sis nyob rau hauv ntau theem zog.
Ionization muaj peev xwm:
Lub zog xav tau kom tshem tawm cov hluav taws xob ntawm lub atom hu ua, "ionization peev xwm" lossis "ionization zog". Qhov no yog qhov sib txawv ntawm ob lub xeev uas ib qho hluav taws xob khi rau lub nucleus thiab electron raug tshem tawm ntawm lub atom. Lub zog thaum lub electron nyob ntawm qhov kev ncua deb yog suav tias yog xoom.
Ceeb toom: ib qho hluav taws xob raug tshem tawm ntawm lub atom thiab tsis muaj qhov cuam tshuam nrog lub nucleus thaum nws raug tshem tawm.
Calculation:
Muaj peev xwm txaus siab:
Thaum ib qho hluav taws xob dhia los ntawm lub xeev hauv av (n=1) mus rau lwm qhov (n=2) lub zog theem, lub zog sib thooj hu ua 1st excitation peev xwm.
| 1st excitation peev xwm=Zog (n=2 qib) - Zog (n=1 qib)=-3.4 ev – (-13.6 ev)=10.2 ev |
Thaum ib qho hluav taws xob dhia los ntawm lub xeev hauv av (n=1) mus rau lwm qhov (n=3) lub zog theem, lub zog sib thooj hu ua 2nd excitation peev xwm.
| 2nd excitation peev xwm=Zog (n=3 qib) - Zog (n=1 qib)=-1.5 ev – (-13.6 ev)=12.1 ev |
Ionization muaj peev xwm:
Xav tshem tawm ib qho hluav taws xob los ntawm n=1 qib zog. Lub peev xwm ionization yog lub zog yuav tsum tau tshem tawm ib qho hluav taws xob los ntawm n=1 qib mus rau infinity.
| Ionization peev xwm=E infinity – E (n=1 qib)=0 – (-13.6 ev)=13.6 ev |
Nyob hauv atoms, feem ntau loosely khi electrons raug tshem tawm ua ntej thiab lub peev xwm ionization maj mam nce raws li nws ionizes.
