Qhov txawv ntawm Saturated thiab Supersaturated Solution

2024 Tus sau: Alex Aldridge | [email protected]. Kawg hloov kho: 2023-12-17 13:40

Qhov Tseem Ceeb Qhov txawv - Saturated vs Supersaturated Solution

Cia peb ua ntej luv luv saib lub tswvyim ntawm kev saturation ua ntej mus rau qhov kev tshuaj xyuas nyuaj ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm Saturated thiab Supersaturated Solution. Cov kev daws teeb meem yog ua los ntawm dissolving ib tug solute nyob rau hauv ib tug hnyav. Ob qho tshuaj lom neeg ntawm "saturation" thiab "supersaturation" hauv cov kuab tshuaj feem ntau yog nyob ntawm qhov solubility ntawm cov kuab tshuaj hauv cov kuab tshuaj. Ntawm qhov ntsuas kub, qhov solubility ntawm cov kuab tshuaj nyob rau hauv ib qho hnyav yog qhov tas li (Q).

Q txhais tau tias yog cov khoom lag luam ion ntawm cov kuab tshuaj.

Example: Solubility of AgCl hauv dej (Q_AgCl)=[Ag⁺][Cl^–

Feem ntau, yog tias peb txuas ntxiv ntxiv cov kuab tshuaj rau hauv cov kuab tshuaj, muaj qhov ntau tshaj plaws uas peb tuaj yeem ntxiv yaj hauv cov kuab tshuaj. Tom qab ib qho kev txwv, lub solute pib los nag hauv cov kuab tshuaj. Nws dhau los ua cov tshuaj supersaturated tom qab qhov kev txwv no. Nws yog hu ua saturated tov thaum peb muaj peev xwm yaj lub solute uas tsis tsim ib tug precipitate.

Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm Saturation thiab Supersaturation yog tias, Saturation yog lub xeev uas cov tshuaj muaj peev xwm yaj tsis muaj ntxiv ntawm cov khoom ntawd, thiab cov nyiaj ntxiv ntawm nws yuav tshwm sim raws li theem cais thaum supersaturation yog lub xeev. ntawm ib qho kev daws teeb meem uas muaj ntau ntawm cov khoom siv yaj ntau dua li tuaj yeem yaj los ntawm cov kuab tshuaj raws li qhov xwm txheej ib txwm muaj.

Dab tsi yog kev daws teeb meem?

Muaj tsawg tsawg ntawm cov tebchaw uas yog infinitely soluble hauv ib qho hnyav; uas txhais tau tias, peb tuaj yeem sib tov cov kuab tshuaj nyob rau hauv cov kuab tshuaj nyob rau hauv ib qho kev faib ua feem kom yaj yam tsis tau ua ib tug precipitate. Txawm li cas los xij, feem ntau ntawm cov solutes tsis yog infinitely insoluble; lawv tsim cov dej nag yog tias koj ntxiv cov kuab tshuaj ntxiv rau hauv cov kuab tshuaj.

Saturated solutions muaj ntau tshaj plaws ntawm cov kuab tshuaj molecules nws tuaj yeem yaj yam tsis muaj nag lossis daus.

Dab tsi yog qhov tshuaj Supersaturated?

Supersaturated daws tau tsim yog tias koj ntxiv cov kuab tshuaj ntxiv rau cov tshuaj saturated. Hauv lwm lo lus, nws yog qhov xwm txheej hauv cov tshuaj saturated, thaum koj ntxiv qee qhov ntxiv ntawm cov kua rau hauv cov tshuaj. Tom qab ntawd nws yuav pib tsim cov dej nag hauv cov tshuaj vim tias cov kuab tshuaj tau tshaj qhov ntau tshaj plaws ntawm cov kuab tshuaj molecules nws tuaj yeem yaj. Yog tias koj nce qhov kub ntawm cov kuab tshuaj, koj tuaj yeem ua cov tshuaj saturated los ntawm dissolving cov kua molecules.

Lub supersaturation ntawm qab zib hauv dej tso cai rau cov khoom qab zib pob zeb los ua.

Dab tsi yog qhov txawv ntawm Saturated thiab Supersaturated tov?

Kev txhais ntawm Saturated thiab Supersaturated Solution

Saturated Solution: Ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, cov tshuaj tau hais tias yog cov tshuaj saturated, yog tias nws muaj ntau npaum li cov kuab tshuaj molecules uas cov kuab tshuaj muaj peev xwm tuav tau.

Supersaturated Solution: Ntawm qhov kub ntawm qhov kev daws teeb meem tau hais tias yog cov tshuaj supersaturated yog tias nws muaj ntau cov kuab tshuaj molecules nws tuaj yeem yaj.

Tshuaj piav qhia

Rau cov kev daws teeb meem saturated; Q=K_{sp (Tsis muaj nag)}

Rau cov tshuaj supersaturated; Q > K_{sp (Precipitate will form)}

Qhov twg;

Q=solubility (react quotient)

K _{sp=Cov khoom lag luam solubility (cov khoom lag luam lej ntawm cov khoom lag luam yaj ion concentrations tsa rau lub zog ntawm lawv cov stoichiometric coefficients)}

Piv txwv: Xav txog kev ua kom cov nyiaj chloride (AgCl) hauv dej.

AgCl - Solute thiab Dej - Solvent

AgCl tau yaj hauv dej Ntau ntau ntawm AgCl tau yaj hauv dej.

Txoj kev daws teeb meem Cov nag lossis daus yog pom meej

Q=[Ag⁺][Cl^–]=K_sp Q=[Ag⁺][Cl^–] > K_sp

Qhov twg, [Ag⁺]=Concentration of Ag^{+ hauv dej}

[Cl^–]=Concentration of Cl^{– hauv dej}

For AgCl, K_sp =1.8 ×10^–10 mol²dm ^-6

Yuav ua li cas peb thiaj ua tau cov kev daws teeb meem saturated thiab supersaturated?

Ob qho tib si saturated thiab supersaturated cov kev daws teeb meem yog tsim thaum koj txuas ntxiv ntxiv ib qho kuab tshuaj rau hauv cov kuab tshuaj. Ntawm qhov kub thiab txias, ua ntej, nws tsim cov tshuaj tsis txaus ntseeg thiab tom qab ntawd, cov tshuaj saturated thiab thaum kawg cov tshuaj supersaturated.

Piv txwv: Dissolving ntsev hauv dej

Unsaturated Solution: Tsawg ntsev hauv dej, ntshiab tov, tsis muaj nag lossis daus.

Saturated Solution: Qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm ntsev yog yaj hauv dej, Xim ntawm cov tshuaj hloov me ntsis, tab sis tsis muaj nag lossis daus.

Supersaturated Solution: Ntau ntsev yog yaj hauv dej, Cloudy tov, nag los pom.