Apoptosis vsNecrosis
Necrosis thiab apoptosis yog ob nqe lus uas feem ntau ntsib hauv kev kho mob thiab kev kawm pathology. Cov no yog complex phenomena ntawm cell tuag. Ib qho yog pathological thaum lwm tus yog physiological. Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb kom nkag siab txog qhov sib txawv ntawm ob qho no. Kab lus no piav qhia txog necrosis thiab apoptosis, lawv cov txheej txheem, thiab qhia meej qhov txawv ntawm ob.
Necrosis
Necrosis tuaj yeem tshwm sim ncaj qha lossis tom qab cell degeneration. Kev hloov pauv thaum ntxov yog qhov hloov maj mam thiab tshwm sim ntawm lub tshuab ntsuas hluav taws xob tsuas yog tom qab 2 mus rau 3 teev thiab, hauv lub teeb pom kev zoo, tsuas yog tom qab 6 teev. Kev hloov pauv ntawm tes tuaj yeem muab faib ua cov kev hloov pauv nuclear thiab kev hloov cytoplasmic. Cov khoom siv Nuclear tuaj yeem ua ntej clump rau hauv cov khoom hnyav, uas stain nrog cov stains yooj yim. Qhov no yog hu ua "Pyknosis". Tom qab ntawd, cov pawg no tuaj yeem tawg mus rau hauv cov khoom me me hauv cov txheej txheem hu ua "Karyorrhexis", lossis tau lysed hauv cov txheej txheem hu ua "Karyolysis". Cytoplasmic hloov pib nrog lub cytoplasm ua homogenous thiab stains nrog acidic stains. Qhov no yog vim denaturation ntawm cytoplasmic proteins. Cov organelles tshwj xeeb nqus dej thiab o. Enzymes tau tso tawm los ntawm lysosomes, thiab lub cell tawg (autolysis). Biochemically tag nrho cov kev hloov no tshwm sim nyob rau hauv kev hais kwv txhiaj nrog ib tug loj heev influx ntawm calcium ions. Muaj ntau hom necrosis. Lawv yog coagulative necrosis, liquefactive necrosis, rog necrosis, caseous necrosis, gummatous necrosis, fibrinoid necrosis, thiab gangrene.
Nyob rau hauv coagulative necrosis hlwb khaws cov txheej txheem ntawm tes rau ob peb hnub thaum tag nrho lwm yam kev hloov pauv tshwm sim. Hom necrosis no feem ntau pom hauv cov khoom nruab nrog cev feem ntau tom qab cov ntshav tsis zoo. Nyob rau hauv liquefactive necrosis lub cell yog lysed kiag li; yog li tsis muaj cellular qauv. Qhov no feem ntau pom nyob rau hauv lub hlwb thiab tus txha caj qaum. Muaj ob hom rog necrosis; enzymatic thiab non-enzymatic rog necrosis. Nyob rau hauv enzymatic rog necrosis uas tshwm sim tus yam ntxwv nyob rau hauv mob pancreatitis, cell rog tau lysed mus rau hauv fatty acids thiab glycerol los ntawm pancreatic lipase thiab cov ntaub ntawv complexes nrog calcium. Yog li, qhov tsos yog chalky dawb. Non-enzymatic fat necrosis feem ntau pom nyob rau hauv cov ntaub so ntswg subcutaneous, mis thiab plab. Cov neeg mob uas tsis yog-enzymatic rog necrosis yuav luag ib txwm muab keeb kwm ntawm kev raug mob. Txawm li cas los xij, kev raug mob tsis tau qhia meej meej tias yog vim li cas. Fibrosis zoo ua raws li cov rog uas tsis yog-enzymatic necrosis tsim cov khoom loj qee zaum tsis paub qhov txawv ntawm kev kho mob qog noj ntshav. Caseous thiab gummatous necrosis yog vim granuloma tsim tom qab kis kab mob. Fibrinoid necrosis feem ntau pom nyob rau hauv cov kab mob autoimmune. Gangrene yog ib lo lus siv dav los hais txog qhov chaw kho mob uas cov nqaij mos necrosis uas muaj ntau yam sib txawv los ntawm kev kis kab mob thib ob. Muaj peb hom gangrene; qhuav, ntub thiab roj gangrene. Qhuav gangrene feem ntau tshwm sim ntawm cov leeg vim cov ntshav tsis zoo uas tshwm sim los ntawm kev txhaws ntawm cov hlab ntsha. Kev ntub dej gangrene tshwm sim los ntawm cov kab mob loj heev uas ua rau cov kab mob necrosis. Nws tuaj yeem tshwm sim ntawm extremities nrog rau hauv cov kabmob sab hauv. ntub gangrene yog qhov nyuaj rau demarcate los ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg noj qab nyob zoo; Yog li ntawd, kev phais excision yog nyuaj. Cov neeg tuag nyob rau hauv ntub gangrene yog siab. Gas gangrene yog vim muaj kab mob Clostridium perfringens. Nws yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm qhov dav necrosis thiab kev tsim cov pa roj. Muaj crepitation ntawm palpation.
Apoptosis
Apoptosis yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm lub cev ntawm cov txheej txheem kev tuag. Thaum cov ntaub so ntswg mature thiab hloov cov duab nws yuav tsum tau tshem tawm cov pliaj hlwb. Qhov no yog txheej txheem uas cov hlwb tsis xav tau tuag. Apoptosis yog ib qho phenomenon coded los ntawm noob. Lub destiny ntawm cell yog coded nyob rau hauv nws DNA, thiab nws ua raws li cov caj ces commands thaum nws yog lub sij hawm rau lub cell tuag rau qhov zoo ntawm lwm cov hlwb thiab cov ntaub so ntswg. Kev nkag siab tam sim no yog mitochondrial DNA code rau apoptosis. Apoptosis yog tshwm sim, thiab tsis muaj tus neeg sawv cev sab nraud uas ua rau nws. Cov txheej txheem no nyuaj thiab tuaj yeem ua tiav ntawm tus nqi sib txawv hauv cov ntaub so ntswg sib txawv.
Necrosis vs Apoptosis
• Necrosis yog hom kev tuag ntawm tes vim yog tus neeg sawv cev sab nraud thaum apoptosis yog ib qho txheej txheem hauv kev txiav txim siab ntawm cell tuag.
• Cov txheej txheem tiv thaiv thiab tshuaj siv los tawm tsam tus neeg sawv cev ua rau tuaj yeem tiv thaiv necrosis thaum tsis muaj dab tsi tuaj yeem tiv thaiv apoptosis.
Kuj, nyeem qhov txawv ntawm Gangrene thiab Necrosis
