Volatile vs Nonvolatile Nco
Volatile thiab non-volatile yog kev faib tawm hauv computer nco. Volatile memory yog hom computer nco uas yuav tsum muaj lub zog los khaws cov ntaub ntawv khaws tseg thaum lub cim xeeb tsis muaj zog tsis tas yuav rov ua dua kom khaws cov txiaj ntsig nco.
Volatile Memory yog dab tsi?
Volatile memory yog hom kev nco hauv kev suav uas xav tau lub zog los khaws cov ntaub ntawv khaws cia. Cov ntsiab lus ntawm lub cim xeeb ntaus ntawv yuav tsum tau hloov tshiab tsis tu ncua kom tsis txhob poob cov ntaub ntawv. Lub RAM (Random Access Memory) modules hauv cov khoos phis tawj thiab Cache nco hauv cov txheej txheem yog cov piv txwv rau cov khoom nco tsis zoo.(Nyeem qhov txawv ntawm RAM thiab Cache Memory)
RAM cov khoom siv tau tsim los siv lub rooj sib txoos loj ntawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob uas siv los khaws cov khoom thauj ib ntus. Txhua lub capacitor sawv cev rau ib lub cim xeeb me ntsis. Thaum lub capacitor raug them, lub xeev cov ntsiab lus yog 1 (High) thiab, thaum tso tawm, lub ntsiab lus ntawm lub xeev yog 0 (Low). Thiab txhua tus capacitor yuav tsum tau them rov qab rau lub sijhawm tsis tu ncua kom khaws cov ntaub ntawv tsis tu ncua, qhov kev rov ua dua tshiab no yog hu ua lub voj voog tshiab.
Muaj peb chav kawm tseem ceeb ntawm RAM, thiab cov no yog Static RAM (SRAM), dynamic RAM (DRAM) thiab Phase-hloov RAM (PRAM). Hauv SRAM, cov ntaub ntawv khaws cia siv lub xeev ntawm ib qho flip-flop rau txhua qhov me me thiab, hauv DRAM, ib qho capacitor yog siv rau txhua qhov me me. (Nyeem ntxiv txog qhov txawv ntawm SRAM thiab DRAM)
Ntxhais Tsis Muaj Teeb Meem yog dab tsi?
Nonvolatile nco yog ib hom kev nco hauv computer uas tsis tas yuav rov ua dua kom khaws cov txiaj ntsig nco. Txhua hom ROM, flash nco, kho qhov muag thiab cov khoom siv sib nqus yog cov khoom siv nco tsis muaj zog.
Ntawm ROM (Nyeem nkaus xwb) cov khoom siv tsuas muaj peev xwm nyeem tab sis tsis sau lossis hloov cov ntsiab lus. Hauv qee qhov piv txwv cov ntaub ntawv tuaj yeem hloov kho, tab sis nrog kev nyuaj. Hom khoom qub tshaj plaws ntawm ROM yog Mask ROM qhov twg cov ntsiab lus ntawm lub cim xeeb yog programmed los ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom nws tus kheej thiab tsis tuaj yeem hloov kho.
PROM lossis Programmable ROM tau tsim los ntawm Mask ROM, qhov chaw nco tuaj yeem tsim los ntawm tus neeg siv, tab sis tsuas yog ib zaug xwb. EPROM (Erasable Programmable ROM) yog lub cim xeeb tshem tawm, uas tuaj yeem tshem tawm siv raug UV teeb thiab programmed los ntawm cov hluav taws xob ntau dua. Rov qab raug UV teeb nws thiaj li deteriorates lub peev xwm cia ntawm IC.
EEPROM lossis Electronically Erasable Programmable ROM yog qhov txuas ntxiv los ntawm EPROM qhov chaw nco tuaj yeem tsim tau ntau zaus los ntawm tus neeg siv. Cov ntsiab lus ntawm lub cim xeeb tuaj yeem nyeem, sau thiab hloov kho siv lub interface tsim tshwj xeeb. Cov microcontroller units yog cov piv txwv ntawm EEPROM li. Flash nco yog tsim los ntawm EEPROM architecture.
Hard disk drives (HDD) kuj yog cov ntaub ntawv tsis hloov pauv cov ntaub ntawv thib ob uas siv los khaws thiab khaws cov ntaub ntawv digital hauv computers. Cov hard drives yog qhov tseem ceeb vim lawv lub peev xwm thiab kev ua haujlwm. Lub peev xwm ntawm HDD's txawv ntawm kev tsav mus rau tsav, tab sis tau nce ntxiv mus ib ntus.
Cov khoom siv kho qhov muag xws li CD's DVD's thiab BluRay Discs kuj yog cov khoom siv nco tsis muaj zog. Punch cards thiab magnetic tapes siv nyob rau hauv lub computer thaum ntxov kuj muaj nyob rau hauv pawg no.
Dab tsi yog qhov txawv ntawm Volatile thiab Nonvolatile Nco?
• lub cim xeeb tsis muaj zog yuav tsum tau ua kom rov qab los khaws cov ntsiab lus khaws cia, thaum lub cim xeeb tsis hloov pauv.
• Lub cim xeeb tsis muaj zog yuav tsum muaj lub zog los tuav lub cim xeeb thaum lub cim xeeb tsis muaj zog tsis xav tau lub zog. Yog hais tias lub hwj chim rau volatile nco ploj, ces cov ntsiab lus yuav deleted.
• RAM yog hom tseem ceeb ntawm kev nco tsis zoo thiab siv los ua ib ntus khaws cov ntaub ntawv ua ntej thiab tom qab ua tiav. ROM li siv los khaws cov ntaub ntawv lossis cov ntaub ntawv rau lub sijhawm ntev. (Nyeem ntxiv txog qhov txawv ntawm ROM thiab RAM)
• Cov khoom siv thib ob uas siv hauv khoos phis tawj yog cov khoom siv nco tsis muaj zog.
• Cov khoom siv nco tsis zoo yog cov khoom siv hauv lub xeev tseem ceeb, thiab lub cim xeeb tsis muaj zog tuaj yeem ua lub xeev muaj zog, sib nqus, lossis kho qhov muag.
