Alpha Beta vs Gamma Radiation
Ib kwj ntawm lub zog quanta lossis cov khoom uas muaj lub zog siab yog hu ua hluav taws xob. Nws ib txwm tshwm sim thaum lub nucleus tsis ruaj khov hloov mus rau hauv lub nucleus ruaj khov. Lub zog ntau dhau yog nqa tawm los ntawm cov khoom no lossis quanta.
Alpha Radiation (α Radiation)
Ib tug helium-4 nucleus emitted los ntawm ib tug loj atomic nucleus thaum lub sij hawm radioactive decay yog hu ua alpha particle. Thaum lub sij hawm lwj, niam txiv nucleus poob ob protons thiab ob neutrons, uas muaj cov alpha particle. Yog li ntawd, tus naj npawb nucleon ntawm niam txiv nucleus txo los ntawm 4 thiab atomic tooj poob los ntawm 2 thiab tsis muaj electrons raug khi rau Helium nucleus. Cov txheej txheem no hu ua alpha lwj, thiab cov kwj ntawm alpha hais yog hu ua alpha hluav taws xob.
Alpha hais tau zoo them nrog lub zog qis tshaj plaws thiab qis tshaj plaws piv rau lwm cov hluav taws xob tawm los ntawm lub nucleus. Nws sai sai poob lub zog kinetic thiab hloov mus rau hauv helium atom. Nws kuj hnyav thiab loj dua. Hauv cov txheej txheem, nws tso tawm ntau lub zog hauv ib cheeb tsam me me. Yog li ntawd, alpha hluav taws xob muaj teeb meem ntau dua li lwm yam ob hom rau hluav taws xob. Nyob rau hauv ib qho hluav taws xob teb, alpha hais tau txav mus rau qhov sib npaug ntawm qhov chaw. Nws muaj qhov qis tshaj e / m piv. Nyob rau hauv magnetic teb, alpha hais coj ib tug nkhaus trajectory nrog qis curvature nyob rau hauv ib tug dav hlau perpendicular mus rau magnetic teb.
Beta Radiation (β Radiation)
Ib qho hluav taws xob lossis positron (anti-particle ntawm electron) tawm thaum lub sij hawm beta lwj yog hu ua Beta particle. Ib tug kwj ntawm positrons los yog electrons (beta hais) tawm los ntawm beta lwj yog hu ua beta hluav taws xob. Beta lwj yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev cuam tshuam tsis muaj zog hauv lub nuclei.
Nyob rau hauv beta lwj, ib qho tsis ruaj khov nucleus hloov nws tus lej atomic kom nws tus lej nucleon tas li. Muaj peb hom beta lwj.
Qhov zoo beta decay: Ib tug proton nyob rau hauv niam txiv nucleus transforms mus rau hauv ib tug neutron los ntawm emitting ib tug positron thiab ib tug neutrino. Tus naj npawb atomic ntawm lub nucleus txo qis los ntawm 1.
Negative beta decay: Ib tug neutron hloov mus rau hauv ib tug proton los ntawm emitting ib tug electron thiab ib tug neutrino. Tus naj npawb atomic ntawm niam txiv nucleus nce 1.
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Electron Capture: ib tug proton nyob rau hauv niam txiv nucleus transforms mus rau hauv ib tug neutron los ntawm kev ntes ib tug electron los ntawm ib puag ncig. Nws emits neutrino thaum lub sij hawm tus txheej txheem. Tus naj npawb atomic ntawm lub nucleus txo qis los ntawm 1.
Tsuas yog qhov zoo beta lwj thiab qhov tsis zoo beta lwj ua rau beta tawg.
Beta hais muaj nruab nrab lub zog thiab nrawm. Kev nkag mus rau hauv cov khoom siv kuj yog nruab nrab. Nws muaj ntau dua e / m piv. Thaum tsiv los ntawm lub magnetic teb, nws ua raws ib tug trajectory nrog ntau curvature ntau dua li cov alpha hais. Lawv txav mus rau hauv ib lub dav hlau perpendicular mus rau magnetic teb, thiab lub zog yog nyob rau hauv lub opposite kev taw qhia mus rau lub alpha hais rau electrons thiab nyob rau hauv tib txoj kev rau positrons.
Gamma Radiation (γ Radiation)
Ib kwj ntawm lub zog hluav taws xob siab electromagnetic quanta emitted los ntawm kev zoo siab atomic nuclei hu ua gamma hluav taws xob. Lub zog ntau dhau yog tso tawm nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm hluav taws xob electromagnetic thaum lub nuclei dhau mus rau lub xeev qis zog. Gamma quanta muaj zog los ntawm kwv yees li 10-15 rau 10-10 Joule (10 keV txog 10 MeV hauv electron volts).
Vim lub gamma hluav taws xob yog hluav taws xob nthwv dej thiab tsis muaj qhov seem, e / m yog infinite. Nws qhia tau hais tias tsis muaj deflection nyob rau hauv magnetic teb los yog hluav taws xob teb. Gamma quanta muaj zog ntau dua li alpha thiab beta hluav taws xob hais.
Qhov txawv ntawm Alpha Beta thiab Gamma Radiation yog dab tsi?
• Alpha thiab beta hluav taws xob yog cov kwj ntawm cov khoom uas muaj huab hwm coj. Alpha hais yog He-4 nuclei, thiab beta yog electrons lossis positrons. Gamma hluav taws xob yog hluav taws xob hluav taws xob thiab muaj lub zog quanta.
• Thaum alpha particle tso tawm tus lej nucleon thiab tus lej atomic ntawm niam txiv nucleus hloov pauv (hloov mus rau lwm lub caij). Hauv beta lwj, tus naj npawb nucleon tseem tsis hloov pauv thaum tus lej atomic nce lossis txo los ntawm 1 (dua hloov mus rau lwm lub caij). Thaum lub gamma quanta tso tawm, ob tus lej nucleon thiab tus lej atomic tseem tsis hloov pauv, tab sis lub zog ntawm cov nucleus txo qis.
• Alpha hais yog qhov hnyav tshaj plaws, thiab beta hais muaj qhov loj me me. Gamma hluav taws xob hais tsis muaj qhov so.
• Alpha hais tau zoo them thaum beta hais tuaj yeem muaj tus nqi zoo lossis tsis zoo. Lub gamma quantum tsis muaj nqi.
• Alpha thiab beta hais qhia deflection thaum tsiv los ntawm magnetic teb thiab hluav taws xob teb. Alpha hais muaj qhov curvature qis dua thaum tsiv los ntawm hluav taws xob los yog magnetic teb. Gamma tawg qhia tsis muaj deflection.
Koj kuj tseem xav nyeem:
1. Qhov txawv ntawm Radioactivity thiab Radiation
2. Qhov txawv ntawm Emission thiab Radiation
