Enzyme vs Protein
Proteins thiab enzymes yog cov macromolecules lom, ua los ntawm ntau cov amino acids txuas ua ke ua cov kab sib txuas. Amino acid yog cov qauv tsim thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov macromolecules. Ib qho amino acid molecule yog tsim los ntawm plaub pawg hauv paus; uas yog, amino pawg, sab saw (R- pawg), pawg carboxyl, thiab hydrogen atom, uas yog sib koom ua ke rau hauv nruab nrab carbon atom. Yeej muaj nees nkaum ib txwm tshwm sim amino acids, thiab lawv txawv tsuas yog los ntawm sab saw (R-group). Qhov kev txiav txim ntawm cov amino acids txiav txim cov qauv thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov protein thiab enzymes.
YEnzymes
Enzymes yog qhov tshwj xeeb peb-dimensional globular proteins uas tuaj yeem ua raws li cov roj ntsha molecules, txhawm rau catalyze thiab tswj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hauv cov kab mob. Hauv ib lub cell, muaj ntau txhiab tus enzymes sib txawv. Qhov no yog vim hais tias yuav luag txhua cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hauv ib lub cell xav tau nws tus kheej enzyme tshwj xeeb. Nquag enzymes ua rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv cellular tshwm sim lab lub sij hawm sai dua li cov tshuaj tiv thaiv uas tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam. Cov chaw ua haujlwm tam sim no nyob rau saum npoo ntawm enzyme txiav txim siab lawv qib tshwj xeeb. Hom enzyme tshwj xeeb muaj xws li qhov tshwj xeeb, stereochemical tshwj xeeb, pab pawg tshwj xeeb, thiab kev sib txuas tshwj xeeb. Cov chaw nquag yog cov kab nrib pleb lossis hollows ntawm qhov chaw enzyme uas tshwm sim los ntawm kev tsim cov qauv tertiary. Qee qhov chaw ua haujlwm khi tsuas yog ib qho kev sib txuas tshwj xeeb, thaum lwm tus tuaj yeem khi pab pawg ntawm cov sib txuas sib txuas. Enzymes tsis cuam tshuam los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv uas lawv catalyze. Muaj plaub yam cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm enzyme, uas yog; kub, pH, substrate concentration, thiab enzyme concentration.
YProteins
Proteins yog cov macromolecules sib txawv tshaj plaws, ob qho tib si ua haujlwm thiab ua haujlwm. Lawv yog cov polymers ntawm cov amino acids. Cov kab ke ntawm cov amino acid txiav txim siab lawv cov qauv thiab kev ua haujlwm. Lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb ntawm cov proteins yog cov enzyme catalysis, tiv thaiv, thauj, txhawb nqa, txav, tswj, thiab khaws cia. Cov qauv ntawm cov proteins tuaj yeem nthuav tawm raws li kev ua haujlwm ntawm plaub theem; thawj, theem nrab, tertiary, thiab quaternary. Amino acid sequence yog cov protein cov qauv tseem ceeb. Kev tsim cov qauv thib ob yog vim muaj kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm cov pab pawg hauv peptide qaum nrog kev tsim ntawm hydrogen bonds. Qhov no ua rau ob hom qauv sib txawv, uas yog; beta (β) - pleated nplooj ntawv, thiab alpha (α) - helices los yog coils. Quav thiab kev sib txuas ntawm cov protein molecule thaum kawg ua rau nws 3-D cov duab hu ua tertiary qauv. Proteins nrog ntau polypeptides tshwm sim quaternary qauv.
Qhov txawv ntawm Enzyme thiab Protein yog dab tsi?
• Tag nrho cov enzymes yog globular proteins, tab sis tsis yog tag nrho cov proteins yog globular. Qee cov proteins yog globular thaum qee qhov tsis yog (Fibrous feem muaj cov qauv nyias ntev).
• Tsis zoo li lwm cov proteins, enzymes tuaj yeem ua cov catalysts, txhawm rau catalyze thiab tswj cov tshuaj lom neeg.
• Enzymes yog cov proteins ua haujlwm, hos cov proteins tuaj yeem ua haujlwm lossis ua haujlwm.
• Tsis zoo li lwm cov proteins, cov enzymes yog cov substrate tshwj xeeb molecules.
• Proteins tuaj yeem zom lossis tawg los ntawm enzymes (proteases).
