Atom vs Molecule
Cov ntsiab lus ib leeg tsis tshua ruaj khov nyob rau hauv tej yam ntuj tso. Lawv tsim ntau yam kev sib txuas ntawm lawv lossis nrog lwm cov ntsiab lus kom muaj nyob. Thaum qhov no tshwm sim, cov khoom ntawm ib lub ntsiab sib txawv thiab ua rau muaj kev sib xyaw tshiab.
Atom
Atoms yog lub tsev me me ntawm txhua yam khoom uas twb muaj lawm. Lawv me me heev uas peb tsis tuaj yeem saib nrog peb qhov muag liab qab. Feem ntau cov atoms nyob rau hauv Angstrom ntau yam. Atom yog tsim los ntawm ib tug nucleus, uas muaj protons thiab neutrons. Lwm yam tshaj li neutrons thiab protons muaj lwm yam me me hauv atomic hais nyob rau hauv lub nucleus, thiab muaj cov electrons ncig ncig lub nucleus hauv orbitals. Feem ntau ntawm qhov chaw hauv ib qho atom yog khoob. Lub zog txaus nyiam ntawm cov txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm cov nucleus (tus nqi zoo vim yog cov protons) thiab cov hluav taws xob tsis zoo tswj lub atom zoo li.
Atoms ntawm tib yam muaj xws li protons thiab electrons. Tib hom atoms yuav txawv vim muaj pes tsawg tus neutrons tam sim no, thiab cov no hu ua isotopes. Atoms tuaj yeem koom nrog lwm cov atoms hauv ntau txoj hauv kev, yog li tsim ntau txhiab molecules. Tag nrho cov ntsiab lus muaj ib tug diatomic los yog polyatomic kev npaj kom ruaj ntseg tsuas yog cov Nobel gases. Raws li lawv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob pub dawb lossis tshem tawm lub peev xwm, lawv tuaj yeem tsim cov ntawv cog lus lossis ionic bonds. Qee zaum, muaj qhov tsis muaj zog heev ntawm cov atoms.
Atom tus qauv tau txiav txim siab los ntawm ntau qhov kev sim ua los ntawm ntau tus kws tshawb fawb. Raws li D altons txoj kev xav,
- Txhua yam teeb meem yog tsim los ntawm atoms thiab atoms tsis tuaj yeem tawg ntxiv.
- Tag nrho cov atoms ntawm ib lub ntsiab yog zoo tib yam.
- Cov tshuaj yog tsim los ntawm kev sib xyaw ntawm ob lossis ntau lub atoms.
- Atoms tsis tuaj yeem tsim lossis rhuav tshem. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshuaj yog ib qho kev hloov ntawm atoms.
Txawm li cas los xij, muaj qee qhov kev hloov kho rau D altons txoj kev xav tam sim no nrog kev tshawb pom ntau ntxiv txog lub atom.
Molecule
Molecules yog tsim los ntawm kev sib txuas ntawm ob lossis ntau lub atoms ntawm tib lub caij (xws li O2, N2) lossis txawv element (H2O, NH3). Molecules tsis muaj nqi, thiab cov atoms yog sib koom los ntawm covalent bonds. Molecules tuaj yeem loj heev (hemoglobin) lossis me me (H 2), nyob ntawm seb muaj pes tsawg tus atoms uas txuas nrog. Hom thiab tus naj npawb ntawm atoms nyob rau hauv ib lub molecule yog qhia los ntawm cov mis mos molecular.
Qhov yooj yim tus lej piv ntawm atoms tam sim no nyob rau hauv ib lub molecule yog muab los ntawm cov qauv empirical. Piv txwv li, C6H12O6 yog tus qauv molecular ntawm qabzib, thiab CH. 2O is the empirical formula. Molecular mass yog qhov loj suav nrog rau tag nrho cov atoms muab rau hauv cov mis molecular. Txhua molecule muaj nws tus kheej geometry. Cov atoms nyob rau hauv ib lub molecule yog teem nyob rau hauv qhov ruaj khov tshaj plaws nrog rau cov kev sib raug zoo lub kaum sab xis thiab daim ntawv cog lus ntev, kom txo tau repulsions thiab straining rog.
Qhov txawv ntawm Atom thiab Molecule yog dab tsi?
