Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov molecule thiab atom yog cov molecule yog kev sib xyaw ntawm ob lossis ntau lub atoms ntawm cov tshuaj sib txuas thaum atom yog ib hom tshuaj lom neeg uas tuaj yeem sib xyaw ua ke los tsim cov molecules thiab ions.
Txhua yam teeb meem hauv ntiaj teb yog tsim los ntawm atoms thiab molecules li no peb tuaj yeem xav txog lawv li lub tsev thaiv ntawm txhua yam hauv ntiaj teb no, suav nrog peb. Hauv cov lus layman, peb tuaj yeem hais tias qhov yooj yim tshaj plaws thiab qhov tsawg tshaj plaws ntawm cov khoom siv tshuaj yog ib qho atom. Cov tshuaj lom neeg yog ib hom ntawm atoms. Piv txwv li, qhov tsawg tshaj plaws ntawm cov pa roj carbon dioxide yog lub atom ntawm oxygen; peb tuaj yeem sawv cev los ntawm tsab ntawv O. Txawm li cas los xij, lub atom ntawm oxygen tsis nyob ntawm nws tus kheej, thiab nws tsuas yog thaum nws sib xyaw tshuaj nrog lwm cov atom ntawm oxygen uas nws ruaj khov. Tom qab ntawd nws dhau los ua molecule, thiab peb tuaj yeem sawv cev los ntawm cov tshuaj formula O2
Molecule yog dab tsi?
Ib lub molecule yog ib pawg ntawm cov atoms uas ua ke nrog ib leeg los ntawm kev sib cog lus tshuaj. Cov atoms no tuaj yeem yog tib yam tshuaj lom neeg lossis cov tshuaj sib txawv. Ib homonuclear molecule tsim thaum atoms ntawm tib cov tshuaj lom neeg tsim cov molecule. Heteronuclear molecule tsim thaum atoms ntawm cov tshuaj sib txawv ua ke nrog ib leeg.
Cov atoms hauv ib lub molecule tuaj yeem khi nrog ib leeg ntawm covalent bonds lossis ionic bonds. Covalent chemical bond tsim thaum atoms qhia lawv cov electrons rau ib leeg kom ua tiav octet ntawm electron configuration. Ionic bonds tsim thaum cov electrons sib pauv ntawm cov atoms. Qhov no tsim cov cations (positively charged ions) thiab anions (tsis zoo them ions) uas tau tuav ua ke los ntawm electrostatic attraction rog los yog ionic bonds.
Daim duab 01: Tsim cov Hydrogen Molecule
Kom nkag siab txog cov atoms tam sim no nyob rau hauv ib lub molecule, peb tuaj yeem siv nws cov tshuaj formula. Cov tshuaj formula yog ib txheej ntawm cov cim uas muab cov atoms thiab qhov sib piv ntawm lawv uas tau muab sib xyaw ua cov molecule. Qee lub sij hawm tsis yog cov cim tshuaj ntawm cov atoms thiab cov lej, peb siv lwm cov cim thiab; Cov kab kos, kab kos, kab cim, thiab ntxiv (+) thiab rho tawm (−) cov cim. Peb tuaj yeem xam cov molecular loj ntawm cov molecule siv cov tshuaj no. Ntxiv mus, peb tuaj yeem siv cov qauv qauv uas muab kev npaj ntawm atoms hauv cov molecule.
Ntau cov molecules muaj qhov sib txawv geometry. Yog li ntawd, lub geometry qhia txog qhov sib txawv ntawm cov atoms. Nws yog li muab cov ntawv cog lus ntev thiab daim ntawv cog lus ntawm cov atoms. Qee cov molecules muaj symmetrical geometry thaum lwm tus tsis muaj geometry.
Atom yog dab tsi?
Ib lub atom yog qhov tsawg tshaj plaws rov ua dua tshiab uas ua rau txhua qhov teeb meem. Ib hom tshuaj yog ib hom atoms; Yog li, atoms muaj ob qho tib si tshuaj thiab lub cev ntawm nws cov tshuaj lom neeg. Ib qho atom me me heev; qhov loj yog nyob ib ncig ntawm 100 teev tsaus ntuj. Nws muaj ib tug atomic nucleus uas muaj protons thiab neutrons. Lub nucleus no yog ib puag ncig los ntawm huab cua ntawm electrons. Protons, neutrons thiab electrons yog subatomic hais ntawm ib atom.
Daim duab 02: Bohr tus qauv ntawm Ib Atom
Feem ntau tus naj npawb ntawm protons sib npaug ntawm cov electrons thiab neutrons. Qee lub sij hawm muaj cov atoms uas muaj cov neutrons siab los yog tsawg tshaj li cov protons, yog li ntawd, peb muab lawv lub npe raws li isotopes ntawm tib cov tshuaj. Tsis tas li ntawd, lo lus nucleons hais txog cov units ntawm protons thiab neutrons. Cov nucleon no txiav txim siab qhov loj ntawm lub atom vim tias qhov loj ntawm ib qho hluav taws xob tsis zoo piv rau cov protons thiab neutrons. Muaj ntau ntau txoj kev xav uas tuaj rau hauv theem kom pom cov qauv ntawm atoms. i.e. D alton txoj kev xav, J. J. Thompson txoj kev xav plum pudding, Bohr lub atomic qauv thiab niaj hnub atomic txoj kev xav.
Qhov txawv ntawm Molecule thiab Atom yog dab tsi?
Molecules yog tsim los ntawm atoms. Yog li, qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov molecule thiab atom yog cov molecule yog ib qho kev sib xyaw ntawm ob lossis ntau dua atoms ntawm kev sib txuas tshuaj thaum lub atom yog ib hom tshuaj lom neeg uas tuaj yeem sib xyaw ua ke los tsim cov molecules thiab ions. Ntxiv mus, peb tuaj yeem siv cov cim tshuaj los sawv cev rau lub cev; peb lub npe hu ua chemical formula. Raws li, cov tshuaj formula qhia cov cim ntawm atoms tam sim no nyob rau hauv lub molecule. Txawm li cas los xij, rau atoms, ib tsab ntawv Askiv qhia tau hais tias lub cim ntawm cov tshuaj uas lub atom belongs. Li no, cov tshuaj formula ntawm ib lub molecule muaj ib txheej ntawm cov ntawv Askiv nrog rau tus lej thiab lwm yam cim xws li lub voj voos, dashes, brackets, thiab ntxiv (+) thiab rho tawm (−) cov cim. Ib lub atom tsis tuaj yeem nyob ntawm nws tus kheej tshwj tsis yog rau cov pa roj zoo thaum cov molecules nyob ntawm nws tus kheej vim tias lawv muaj zog tsawg.
Ntxiv mus, raws li qhov muaj nyob, qhov sib txawv ntawm molecule thiab atom yog tias cov molecule muaj qhov ruaj khov nyob qhov twg, cov atoms ntawm tus kheej tsis ruaj khov. Cov hauv qab no infographic muab ntau qhov tseeb ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm molecule thiab atom.
Summary – Molecule vs Atom
Molecules thiab ions tsim los ntawm atoms. Yog li ntawd, qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov molecule thiab atom yog cov molecule yog ib qho kev sib xyaw ntawm ob los yog ntau tshaj atoms ntawm cov tshuaj boding whereas atom yog ib tug neeg cov tshuaj uas muaj peev xwm ua ke nrog ib leeg los tsim molecules thiab ions.
