Intrinsic vs Extrinsic Semiconductor
Nws yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws uas cov khoom siv hluav taws xob niaj hnub no yog raws li ib hom khoom, semiconductors. Semiconductors yog cov khoom siv uas muaj qhov nruab nrab conductivity ntawm cov conductors thiab insulators. Cov ntaub ntawv semiconductor tau siv nyob rau hauv electronics txawm ua ntej invention ntawm semiconductor diode thiab transistor nyob rau hauv 1940's, tab sis tom qab ntawd semiconductors pom ntau daim ntawv thov nyob rau hauv lub teb ntawm electronics. Nyob rau hauv 1958, lub invention ntawm lub integrated Circuit Court los ntawm Jack Kilby ntawm Texas cov twj paj nruag nce kev siv semiconductors nyob rau hauv lub teb ntawm electronics mus rau ib tug unprecedented theem.
Naturally semiconductors muaj lawv cov khoom ntawm conductivity vim yog cov cab kuj dawb. Xws li ib tug semiconductor, ib yam khoom, uas ib txwm qhia tau hais tias semiconductor zog, yog hu ua ib tug intrinsic semiconductor. Rau kev txhim kho cov khoom siv hluav taws xob zoo tshaj plaws, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tau txhim kho kom ua tau zoo dua los ntawm kev ntxiv cov khoom lossis cov khoom, uas ua rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob ntau ntxiv hauv cov khoom siv semiconductor. Xws li ib tug semiconductor hu ua extrinsic semiconductor.
Ntau txog Intrinsic Semiconductors
Kev coj tus kheej ntawm cov khoom siv yog vim cov hluav taws xob tso tawm mus rau cov khoom siv hluav taws xob los ntawm thermal agitation. Nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv ntawm intrinsic semiconductors, tus naj npawb ntawm electrons tso tawm kuj qis dua nyob rau hauv cov hlau, tab sis ntau dua nyob rau hauv lub insulators. Qhov no tso cai rau ib tug heev tsawg conductivity ntawm tam sim no los ntawm cov khoom. Thaum qhov kub ntawm cov khoom yog nce, ntau electrons nkag mus rau hauv conduction band, thiab li no cov conductivity ntawm semiconductor kuj nce. Muaj ob hom kev thauj khoom hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tso tawm rau hauv lub valence band thiab qhov tsis muaj orbitals, feem ntau hu ua lub qhov. Tus naj npawb ntawm qhov thiab cov hluav taws xob nyob rau hauv ib qho semiconductor yog sib npaug. Ob lub qhov thiab cov hluav taws xob ua rau cov dej ntws tam sim no. Thaum qhov sib txawv muaj peev xwm siv electrons txav mus rau qhov muaj peev xwm siab dua thiab qhov txav mus rau qhov qis dua.
Muaj ntau yam khoom siv ua cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, thiab qee qhov yog cov khoom thiab qee qhov yog cov khoom sib txuas. Silicon thiab Germanium yog cov khoom siv semiconducting, thaum Gallium Arsenide yog cov khoom sib xyaw. Feem ntau cov ntsiab lus hauv pawg IV thiab cov tebchaw los ntawm cov ntsiab lus ntawm pawg III thiab V, xws li Gallium Arsenide, Aluminium Phosphide thiab Gallium Nitride qhia cov khoom siv hluav taws xob hauv nruab nrab.
Ntau txog Extrinsic Semiconductors
Los ntawm kev ntxiv cov ntsiab lus sib txawv, cov khoom semiconductor tuaj yeem ua kom zoo dua qub kom ua tau zoo dua tam sim no. Cov txheej txheem ntxiv yog hu ua doping thaum, cov khoom ntxiv yog hu ua impurities. Cov impurities nce tus naj npawb ntawm cov cab kuj hauv cov khoom siv, ua kom zoo dua conductivity. Raws li cov khoom thauj khoom, cov impurities raug cais raws li cov neeg txais thiab cov neeg pub khoom. Cov neeg pub dawb yog cov khoom siv uas tsis muaj hluav taws xob nyob hauv lub lattice, thiab cov neeg txais khoom yog cov ntaub ntawv uas tawm hauv qhov lattice. Rau pab pawg IV semiconductors, pawg III ntsiab Boron, Aluminium ua raws li cov neeg txais, thaum pab pawg V ntsiab Phosphorus thiab arsenic ua tus pub. Rau pab pawg II-V compound semiconductors, Selenium, Tellurium ua tus pub, thaum Beryllium, Zinc thiab Cadmium ua raws li kev lees txais.
Yog tias muaj pes tsawg tus txais atoms ntxiv rau qhov tsis huv, tus naj npawb ntawm qhov nce thiab cov khoom muaj ntau dhau ntawm cov neeg nqa khoom zoo dua li ua ntej. Yog li ntawd, lub semiconductor doped nrog txais impurity yog hu ua Positive-type lossis P-Type Semiconductor. Nyob rau hauv tib yam ib tug semiconductor doped nrog pub impurity, uas tawm cov khoom nyob rau hauv ntau tshaj ntawm electrons, yog hu ua ib tug tsis zoo hom los yog N-Type semiconductor.
Semiconductors yog siv los tsim ntau hom diodes, transistors thiab lwm yam khoom. Lasers, Photovoltaic cells (Solar cells), thiab cov duab ntes kuj siv cov semiconductors.
Qhov txawv ntawm Intrinsic thiab Extrinsic Semiconductors yog dab tsi?
