Kev sib piv vs kev solubility
Kev sib tw
Kev sib xyaw ua ke yog ib qho tseem ceeb thiab tshwm sim heev hauv chemistry. Qhov no yog siv los qhia qhov ntsuas qhov ntau ntawm cov khoom. Yog tias koj xav txiav txim siab tus nqi ntawm tooj liab ions hauv kev daws teeb meem, nws tuaj yeem muab raws li kev ntsuas ntsuas. Yuav luag tag nrho cov kev suav tshuaj siv cov kev ntsuas concentration los txiav txim siab txog qhov sib tov. Txhawm rau txiav txim siab qhov concentration, peb yuav tsum muaj cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke. Txhawm rau xam qhov concentration ntawm txhua qhov sib xyaw, cov txheeb ze yaj hauv cov tshuaj yuav tsum paub.
Muaj ob peb txoj hauv kev los ntsuas qhov concentration. Lawv yog cov concentration, naj npawb concentration, molar concentration, thiab ntim concentration. Tag nrho cov kev ntsuas no yog qhov sib piv qhov twg tus lej yog sawv cev tus nqi ntawm cov kua, thiab tus denominator yog sawv cev rau tus nqi hnyav. Nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov txheej txheem no, txoj kev ntawm kev sawv cev rau lub solute yog txawv. Txawm li cas los xij, tus denominator yeej ib txwm yog qhov ntim ntawm cov kuab tshuaj. Nyob rau hauv huab hwm coj concentration, huab hwm coj ntawm yaj solute nyob rau hauv ib liter ntawm cov kuab tshuaj yog muab. Ib yam li ntawd, nyob rau hauv tus naj npawb concentration, tus naj npawb ntawm solutes thiab, nyob rau hauv molar concentration, moles ntawm solute yog muab. Ntxiv nyob rau hauv volume concentration volume ntawm cov kua yog muab. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov concentrations tuaj yeem muab tau raws li mole fractions qhov twg cov moles ntawm cov kua raug muab rau hauv kev sib raug zoo rau tag nrho cov khoom hauv qhov sib tov. Nyob rau hauv tib txoj kev, mole ratio, loj feem, loj piv yuav siv tau los qhia concentration. Nws kuj tseem tuaj yeem qhia tau tias yog tus nqi feem pua. Raws li kev xav tau, ib txoj hauv kev tsim nyog los qhia qhov concentration yuav tsum tau xaiv. Txawm li cas los xij, kev hloov pauv ntawm cov chav tsev no yuav tsum paub txog cov tub ntxhais kawm chemistry txhawm rau ua haujlwm nrog lawv.
Solubility
Solvent yog ib yam khoom uas muaj peev xwm yaj tau, yog li tuaj yeem yaj lwm yam khoom. Cov kuab tshuaj tuaj yeem nyob hauv cov kua, gaseous lossis cov khoom hauv lub xeev. Solute yog ib yam khoom uas yog soluble nyob rau hauv ib tug hnyav nyob rau hauv thiaj li yuav tsim ib tug tov. Solutes tuaj yeem ua kua, gaseous lossis cov theem khoom. Yog li, solubility yog lub peev xwm ntawm cov kuab tshuaj kom yaj hauv cov kuab tshuaj. Lub degree ntawm solubility nyob ntawm ntau yam xws li cov kuab tshuaj thiab kuab tshuaj, kub, siab, nplawm ceev, saturation theem ntawm cov tshuaj, thiab lwm yam. Cov tshuaj yog soluble nyob rau hauv ib leeg tsuas yog tib yam ("nyiam nyiam yaj"). Piv txwv li, polar tshuaj yog soluble nyob rau hauv polar solvents tab sis tsis nyob rau hauv non-polar solvents. Cov piam thaj molecules muaj qhov tsis muaj zog ntawm cov molecular kev sib cuam tshuam ntawm lawv. Thaum yaj hauv dej, cov kev sib tshuam no yuav tawg, thiab cov molecules yuav sib cais. Bond breakages xav tau lub zog. Lub zog no yuav muab los ntawm kev tsim cov hydrogen bonds nrog dej molecules. Vim cov txheej txheem no, qab zib yog zoo soluble hauv dej. Ib yam li ntawd, thaum cov ntsev zoo li sodium chloride dissolves hauv dej, cov sodium thiab chloride ions raug tso tawm, thiab lawv yuav cuam tshuam nrog cov polar dej molecules. Qhov xaus peb tuaj yeem tuaj txog ntawm ob qho piv txwv saum toj no yog tias, cov kuab tshuaj yuav muab lawv cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb thaum yaj hauv cov kuab tshuaj. Thaum ib yam khoom yog thawj zaug ntxiv rau qhov hnyav, thawj zaug nws yuav yaj sai. Tom qab qee lub sij hawm ib qho kev rov qab rov qab tsim tau thiab tus nqi dissolving yuav txo qis. Thaum lub dissolving tus nqi thiab cov precipitating tus nqi sib npaug, qhov kev daws tau hais tias nyob rau ntawm solubility equilibrium. Hom tshuaj no hu ua saturated solution.
Dab tsi yog qhov sib txawv ntawm Concentration thiab Solubility?
• Kev Cuam Tshuam muab cov tshuaj ntau npaum li cas hauv cov tshuaj. Solubility yog lub peev xwm ntawm ib yam khoom kom yaj nyob rau hauv lwm yam khoom.
• Yog hais tias lub solubility ntawm cov khoom yog siab nyob rau hauv ib tug hnyav, ces nws concentration yuav siab nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj. Ib yam li ntawd, yog tias qhov solubility tsawg, concentration yuav qis.
