Silicate vs Non Silicate Minerals
Cov ntxhia muaj nyob hauv ib puag ncig ntuj. Ntxiv rau lawv cov txiaj ntsig kev lag luam, cov zaub mov tseem ceeb rau cov nroj tsuag thiab tsiaj txhu lub neej ib yam nkaus. Minerals yog cov khoom siv tsis tau txuas dua tshiab, thiab nws yog peb lub luag haujlwm los siv lawv kom ruaj khov. Minerals tuaj yeem pom hauv ntiaj teb 's nto thiab hauv av. Lawv yog homogenous solids, thiab lawv muaj cov qauv tsis tu ncua. Mineralogy yog kev kawm txog cov zaub mov. Ntau tshaj 4000 minerals tau pom, thiab lawv muaj cov qauv crystalline. Minerals muaj nyob rau hauv pob zeb, ores thiab natural mineral deposits. Muaj ntau cov zaub mov, thiab lawv tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas los ntawm kev kawm lawv cov duab, xim, qauv thiab cov khoom. Kev faib cov zaub mov raws li silicate thiab tsis yog silicate cov zaub mov yog nyob ntawm qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm nws.
Silicate Minerals
Silicate minerals yog cov ntxhia tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb nto. Lawv yog tsim los ntawm silicon thiab oxygen atoms. Silicon yog lub caij nrog atomic tooj 14, thiab nws kuj yog nyob rau hauv pab pawg neeg 14 ntawm lub periodic rooj nyob rau hauv qab carbon. Silicon tuaj yeem tshem tawm plaub lub tshuab hluav taws xob thiab tsim ib qho +4 them cation, los yog nws tuaj yeem faib cov electrons los ua plaub daim ntawv cog lus. Hauv silicates, silicon yog chemically khi rau plaub oxygen atoms thiab ua rau tetrahedral anion. Silicate muaj cov tshuaj formula ntawm SiO44- Tag nrho cov pa atoms raug khi rau hauv nruab nrab silicon atom los ntawm tsuas yog ib daim ntawv cog lus thiab muaj - 1 nqi. Txij li thaum lawv raug nqi tsis zoo, lawv tuaj yeem khi nrog plaub hlau ions los tsim cov khoom siv silicate. Txhawm rau ua kom tiav cov octet nyob ib ncig ntawm cov pa, Silicon kuj tuaj yeem khi nrog lwm lub atom silicon es tsis koom nrog cov hlau ion. Muaj peev xwm ua cov qauv txuas ntxiv los ntawm kev sib koom ib qho oxygen atom (bridging oxygen) ntawm ob lub silicon atoms tso cai rau ntau tus qauv silicate ua tau. Silicate minerals yog categorized rau hauv ntau pawg nyob ntawm qhov degree ntawm polymerization ntawm silicate tetrahedral. Nyob ntawm tus naj npawb ntawm cov pa oxygen atoms sib koom los ntawm ib qho silicate tetrahedron, lawv tau categorized li neosilicates (piv txwv li forsterite), sorosilicates (piv txwv li epidote), cyclosilicates (piv txwv li beryl), inosilicates (xws li tremolite), phyllosgilicates (piv txwv li tremolite), phyllosgilicates. (xws li quartz).
Non-Silicate Minerals
Cov no yog cov zaub mov uas tsis yog cov ntxhia silicate. Hauv lwm lo lus, cov zaub mov uas tsis yog silicate tsis muaj silicate tetrahedral ua ib feem ntawm lawv cov qauv. Yog li ntawd, lawv muaj ib tug tsawg complex qauv piv rau cov minerals silicate. Muaj rau chav kawm uas tsis yog silicate minerals. Oxides, sulfides, carbonates, sulfates, halides thiab phosphates yog rau chav kawm. Cov no muaj nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb crust nyob rau hauv kuj tsawg, uas yog hais txog 8%. Txawm li cas los xij, cov zaub mov uas tsis yog silicate muaj kev siv tseem ceeb, thiab qee qhov tseem ceeb. Piv txwv li, kub, platinum thiab nyiaj yog cov hlau muaj txiaj ntsig. Cov pob zeb muaj txiaj ntsig zoo li pob zeb diamond, rubies kuj tsis yog cov ntxhia silicate. Hlau, txhuas, thiab txhuas tau pom los ua cov sib xyaw ua ke nrog lwm cov khoom, uas muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau ntau lub hom phiaj.
Dab tsi yog qhov txawv ntawm Silicate Minerals thiab Non Silicate Minerals?
• Silicate minerals mas muaj silicon thiab oxygen atoms thiab muaj cov qauv SiO44-. Tab sis tsis yog silicates tsis muaj cov silicon no, oxygen ua ke.
• Silicate minerals muaj ntau nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb crust dua li cov minerals uas tsis yog silicate.
• Cov zaub mov uas tsis yog silicate yog qhov nyuaj dua li cov ntxhia silicate.
• Feem ntau ntawm cov ntxhia silicate yog pob zeb tsim cov ntxhia uas tsis yog silicate cov zaub mov tseem ceeb xws li ore minerals.
