Nyob zoo Nuclear Charge vs Nuclear Charge
Atoms yog tsim los ntawm protons, neutrons thiab electrons. Nucleus ntawm lub atom muaj protons thiab neutrons. Thiab muaj cov electrons ncig ncig lub nucleus hauv orbitals. Atomic naj npawb ntawm ib lub caij yog tus naj npawb ntawm protons nws muaj nyob rau hauv lub nucleus. Lub cim rau denoting tus naj npawb atomic yog Z. Thaum lub atom yog nruab nrab, nws muaj tib cov xov tooj ntawm electrons li protons. Yog li, atomic tooj yog sib npaug rau cov xov tooj ntawm electrons hauv qhov piv txwv no.
Nuclear Charge yog dab tsi?
Nyob rau hauv ib lub nucleus ntawm ib lub atom, feem ntau muaj ob sub atomic hais, neutrons thiab protons. Neutrons tsis muaj hluav taws xob. Tab sis txhua tus proton muaj tus nqi zoo. Yog hais tias tsuas muaj protons nyob rau hauv lub nuclei, lub repulsion ntawm cov yuav siab dua (xws li tsub nqi sib tw). Yog li ntawd, muaj cov neutrons yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau khi cov protons ua ke nyob rau hauv lub nuclei. Tag nrho cov nqi zoo ntawm tag nrho cov protons nyob rau hauv lub nucleus ntawm lub atom yog hu ua tus nqi nuclear. Txij li tus naj npawb ntawm protons hauv ib lub atom zoo ib yam li tus lej atomic, tus nqi nuclear kuj zoo ib yam li tus lej atomic ntawm lub caij. Yog li ntawd, tus nqi nuclear yog qhov tshwj xeeb rau ib lub caij. Thiab peb tuaj yeem pom tias cov nqi hluav taws xob nuclear hloov pauv li cas los ntawm lub sijhawm thiab pab pawg ntawm lub sijhawm teem sijhawm. Tus nqi nuclear nce ntawm sab laug mus rau sab xis los ntawm ib lub sijhawm thiab nws kuj nce mus rau ib pawg. Nuclear nqi yog ib qho tseem ceeb rau lub atom, vim hais tias nws yog lub zog electrostatic uas attracts thiab khi lub orbital electrons rau lub nucleus. Txij li thaum cov electrons raug them tsis zoo, lawv tau nyiam mus rau qhov zoo nucleus nqi.
Tus nqi Nuclear siv tau li cas?
Electrons nyob rau hauv ib lub atom yog teem nyob rau hauv txawv orbitals. Nyob rau hauv lub ntsiab orbital, muaj lwm yam sub orbitals. Rau txhua sub orbital, ob lub electrons tau sau. Cov electrons nyob rau hauv lub xeem orbital yog hu ua valence electrons, thiab lawv nyob deb ntawm lub nucleus. Txij li thaum electrons raug them tsis zoo, hauv ib lub atom, muaj electron - electron repulsion nruab nrab ntawm lawv. Thiab tseem muaj electrostatic attraction ntawm cov protons nyob rau hauv lub nuclei thiab orbital electrons. Txawm li cas los xij, tus nqi hluav taws xob tsis cuam tshuam rau tib txoj kev rau tag nrho cov electrons. Cov electrons nyob rau hauv lub valence shells xav tias qhov tsawg kawg nkaus nuclear nqi nyhuv. Qhov no yog vim hais tias cov electrons nyob nruab nrab ntawm lub nucleus, thiab cov plhaub sab nraud cuam tshuam thiab tiv thaiv cov nqi hluav taws xob. Kev siv hluav taws xob muaj txiaj ntsig zoo yog cov nqi hluav taws xob nuclear tau ntsib los ntawm lub plhaub sab nraud electrons. Thiab tus nqi no yog qis dua li tus nqi nuclear tiag. Piv txwv li, fluorine muaj cuaj electrons thiab cuaj protons. Nws cov nqi nuclear yog +9. Txawm li cas los xij, nws cov nqi hluav taws xob muaj txiaj ntsig zoo yog +7, vim yog kev tiv thaiv vim ob lub tshuab hluav taws xob. Kev siv hluav taws xob zoo ntawm lub atom tuaj yeem xam los ntawm cov qauv hauv qab no.
Cov nqi hluav taws xob muaj txiaj ntsig=tus lej atomic- tus naj npawb ntawm cov hluav taws xob tsis zoo
Qhov txawv ntawm kev them nqi hluav taws xob nuclear thiab kev siv hluav taws xob zoo li cas?
• Nuclear charge yog tag nrho cov nqi zoo ntawm tag nrho cov protons hauv lub nucleus ntawm ib lub atom. Cov nqi hluav taws xob muaj txiaj ntsig zoo yog cov nqi hluav taws xob nuclear tau ntsib los ntawm lub plhaub sab nraud electrons.
• Cov nqi hluav taws xob muaj txiaj ntsig qis dua tus nqi ntawm cov nqi nuclear. (Qee zaum nws yuav zoo ib yam)
