Logical Possibility vs Metaphysical Possibility
Logical possibility thiab Metaphysical possibility yog ob ntawm plaub hom kev muaj peev xwm nyob rau hauv chav kawm ntawm modal logic. Cov nqe lus lossis cov lus pom muaj peev xwm yog siv cov kev xav lossis cov lus hais xws li tsim nyog, yuam kev, tej zaum, tej zaum, qhov tseem ceeb, tuaj yeem, txuas ntxiv, yuav tsum, thiab lwm yam uas nyiam nws.
Logical Possibility
Qhov muaj peev xwm ua tau yog qhov sib tham dav tshaj plaws ntawm qhov muaj peev xwm vim nws cov lus piav qhia dav. Koj tuaj yeem xav txog nqe lus uas muaj peev xwm ua tau yog tias tsis muaj qhov tsis sib haum xeeb rau nws kom muaj tseeb. Piv txwv li, nqe lus "Julian mob" yog suav tias yog qhov ua tau vim "Julian" thiab "mob" tsis sib cav sib ceg. Tab sis cov lus hais tias "Julian noj qab nyob zoo" yog qhov tsis yooj yim vim tias "kev noj qab haus huv" thiab "mob" tsis sib haum.
Metaphysical Possibility
Metaphysical muaj peev xwm nqaim me ntsis thaum nws los txog rau cov lus piav qhia thiab nqe lus yog tias koj muab piv rau qhov muaj peev xwm ua tau. Tab sis qee zaum, philosophers hloov pauv lawv vim lawv muaj kev sib raug zoo. Txhawm rau muab tso rau hauv qhov piv txwv kom nkag siab zoo dua, cov lus pom zoo "NaCl" yog metaphysically ua tau vim tias ntsev tiag tiag yog ib qho ntawm Sodium (Na) thiab Chloride (Cl).
Qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov muaj peev xwm ua tau thiab Metaphysical Muaj peev xwm
Thaum koj hais tias ib nqe lus muaj peev xwm ua tau, yuav tsum tsis txhob muaj cov lus tsis sib haum xeeb lossis cov lus hauv tag nrho cov lus thaum lub metaphysically ua tau yog ib qho lus qhia uas hais txog qhov muaj pes tsawg leeg ntawm cov khoom. Nws nyuaj heev kom nkag siab lawv qhov sib txawv yog tias tsis muab tso rau hauv cov piv txwv. Siv Saul Kripke cov lus ua kev zoo siab hais tias "Dej tsis yog H2O", qhov kev tawm tswv yim yog qhov tseeb hauv lub xeev ntawm kev muaj peev xwm vim tias dej thiab H2O tsis yog qhov sib txawv tab sis nws kuj yog metaphysically tsis yooj yim sua vim tias dej yuav ib txwm yog H2O. Kev kawm tob ntxiv txog qhov teeb meem no yog pom zoo.
Tus neeg txawj xav tau ua rau ob hom kev muaj peev xwm no tau ntau xyoo dhau los thiab txog tam sim no. Lawv pheej sib cav txog qhov twg yog qhov tsim nyog siv, qhov muaj peev xwm ua tau lossis qhov muaj peev xwm metaphysical vim muaj cov lus hais tias muaj peev xwm ua tau tab sis metaphysically ua tsis tau raws li qhov tau hais saum toj no.
In luv:
• Ib nqe lus raug suav hais tias yog qhov ua tau yog tias tsis muaj cov lus tsis sib haum xeeb hauv nqe lus thaum lub ntsiab lus metaphysically tau yog tias nws qhia qhov tseeb ntawm ib qho khoom.
• Cov lus qhia ua tau zoo tsis yog ib txwm txhais tau tias metaphysically ua tau thiab cov lus hais tau metaphysically qee zaum tuaj yeem ua tsis tau.
