Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov tshuaj humic thiab tsis yog humic yog cov tshuaj humic muaj xws li humic acid, fulvic acid, thiab humin, whereas non-humic tshuaj muaj xws li rog, qab zib, thiab amino acids.
Peb tuaj yeem piav qhia cov tshuaj humic raws li cov khoom tseem ceeb hauv cov organic teeb meem hauv av thiab dej. Cov no suav nrog geological organic deposits xws li pas dej sediments, peats, xim av coals, thiab shales.
Humic Substances yog dab tsi?
Humic tshuaj tuaj yeem piav qhia raws li hom av organic teeb meem uas muaj cov qauv tshwj xeeb thiab cov khoom tseem ceeb hauv biosphere. Cov tshuaj no muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv ntau cov txheej txheem ntawm lub cev thiab tshuaj lom neeg hauv av. Feem ntau, cov organic carbon ntsiab lus hauv av yog li 62% ntawm tag nrho cov av hauv ntiaj teb cov pa roj carbon ntsiab lus. Txog ib nrab ntawm cov ntsiab lus no yog cov tshuaj humic.
Rau lub sijhawm ntev tshaj (hauv 19th thiab 20th centuries), cov tshuaj humic tau pom los ntawm lub lens ntawm cov kua qaub. -base txoj kev xav uas piav txog humic acid ua cov organic acid thiab humates ua cov khoom ntawm cov khoom organic. Yog li, humic acids tau piav qhia tias yog cov khoom siv organic uas tuaj yeem muab rho tawm los ntawm cov av thiab tuaj yeem coagulate thaum lub hauv paus muaj zog extract ua acidification. Raws li kev tshawb fawb tshiab, cov tshuaj humic tsis yog siab molecular hnyav macro polymers tab sis yog heterogeneous thiab kuj me me molecular Cheebtsam ntawm cov av organic teeb meem uas nws pib-assembled nyob rau hauv cov molecular koom haum. Lawv muaj cov tshuaj sib txawv ntawm cov hauv paus chiv keeb thiab yog synthesized los ntawm cov tshuaj abiotic thiab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob hauv av.
Daim duab 01: Ib Hom Humic Acid
Peb feem tseem ceeb ntawm cov tshuaj humic hauv av yog humic acids, fulvic acids, thiab humin. Peb tuaj yeem txiav txim siab txog lawv qhov muaj thiab cov txheeb ze uas muaj ntau yam siv ntau txoj hauv kev rho tawm. Piv txwv li, humic acid thiab fulvic acid tuaj yeem muab rho tawm los ua cov tshuaj colloidal los ntawm cov av, thiab humic acid tuaj yeem ua los ntawm kev daws teeb meem los ntawm kev kho cov pH.
Dab tsi yog Cov Khoom Tsis-Humic?
Cov khoom tsis muaj humic suav nrog cov khoom siv uas tuaj yeem muab tso rau hauv ib qho ntawm pawg: suab thaj, amino acids, lossis rog. Qab zib los yog av carbohydrates ua li 5-25% ntawm cov organic teeb meem hauv av. Cov carbohydrate no feem ntau yog los ntawm cov nroj tsuag uas hloov mus rau cov suab thaj, hemicellulose, thiab cellulose dhau sijhawm. Txawm li cas los xij, cov tshuaj no tsis tshua muaj decomposed los ntawm cov kab mob, actinomycetes, thiab fungi. Qhov no, dhau los, tsim polysaccharides thiab lwm yam carbohydrates ntawm lawv tus kheej.
Av carbohydrates yog qhov tseem ceeb vim tias lawv tsim cov polysaccharides nyuaj uas tuaj yeem khi rau cov khoom tsis zoo hauv cov khoom sib xyaw ua ke. Ntxiv mus, carbohydrates tsim complexes nrog hlau ions thiab tseem ua lub tsev blocks rau humus synthesis. Ntxiv mus, qee hom av carbohydrates txhawb cov noob germination thiab cag elongation.
Tsis tas li ntawd, av lipids lossis cov rog zoo ib yam li pawg sib txuas es tsis yog ib hom kev sib xyaw. Piv txwv li, pawg no suav nrog sterols, terpenes, polynuclear hydrocarbons, chlorophyll, rog, waxes, thiab resins. Txog 2-6% ntawm av humus yog lipids.
Tsis tas li ntawd, cov amino acids kuj tsim ib feem ntawm cov khoom tsis muaj humic. Cov tshuaj no tuaj yeem tshwm sim raws li cov amino acids dawb hauv cov av daws thiab hauv cov av micropores, raws li cov protein thiab peptides khi rau cov av nplaum, raws li peptides thiab cov proteins khi rau humic collide, li mucoproteins, thiab li muramic acid.
Dab tsi yog qhov txawv ntawm Humic thiab Non-Humic Substances?
Humic thiab non-humic tshuaj yog feem ntawm cov organic teeb meem hauv av. Ob pawg no muaj ob peb lwm hom organic tebchaw ua tswv cuab ntawm txhua pab pawg. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov tshuaj humic thiab non-humic yog cov tshuaj humic yog humic acid, fulvic acid, thiab humin, whereas non-humic tshuaj muaj xws li rog, qab zib, thiab amino acids.
Cov lus hauv qab no qhia txog qhov sib txawv ntawm cov tshuaj humic thiab non-humic.
Summary – Humic vs Non-Humic Substances
Cov tshuaj humic yog ib hom av organic teeb meem, muaj cov qauv tshwj xeeb thiab cov khoom tseem ceeb hauv biosphere. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov tshuaj humic thiab non-humic yog cov tshuaj humic muaj xws li humic acid, fulvic acid, thiab humin, whereas non-humic tshuaj muaj xws li rog, qab zib, thiab amino acids.
