Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm chlorine fluorine thiab astatine yog cov tshuaj chlorine yog cov pa daj daj-ntsuab, thiab fluorine yog cov pa roj tsw qab heev, whereas astatine yog cov tshuaj siv hluav taws xob uas tsis tshua muaj tshwm sim hauv xwm.
Chlorine, fluorine, thiab astatine yog peb tus tswv cuab ntawm pawg halogen. Halogens yog cov ntsiab lus reactive uas muaj cov diatomic molecules thiab muaj nyob rau sab laug ntawm cov pa roj carbon monoxide nyob rau lub sij hawm ntawm cov ntsiab lus.
Chlorine yog dab tsi?
Chlorine yog ib qho roj av uas muaj cov tshuaj formula Cl2. Nws zoo nkaus li cov pa daj daj-ntsuab ntawm chav tsev kub thiab siab. Chlorine gas ua raws li tus neeg sawv cev tsis tshua muaj zog, yog li nws yog tus neeg sawv cev oxidizing muaj zog. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov roj no muaj pungent, irritating tsw uas zoo ib yam li tshuaj dawb. Lub npe IUPAC ntawm cov roj no yog "molecular chlorine."
Cov molar loj ntawm cov roj chlorine yog 70.9 g / mol. Ob lub chlorine atoms nyob rau hauv no molecule yog covalently bonded rau ib leeg. Peb hu nws "diatomic gas" vim hais tias muaj ob lub atoms txuas rau ib leeg rau ib lub molecule. Kev nqus pa ntawm cov pa no yog tshuaj lom, thiab nws kuj yog ib qho khaus rau qhov muag. Cov roj yog me ntsis soluble hauv dej thiab tuaj yeem ua rau liquefy ntawm -35 ◦C. Txawm li cas los xij, peb tuaj yeem yooj yim liquefy cov roj no los ntawm kev siv lub siab tsim nyog ntawm chav tsev kub. Ntxiv mus, cov roj no tsis yog hluav taws kub, tab sis nws tuaj yeem txhawb kev sib txuas.
Tseem ceeb tshaj, cov pa roj no yog tshuaj lom yog tias peb nqus nws. Cov roj chlorine hnyav dua li huab cua. Yog li ntawd, nws nyiam sau nyob rau hauv qis dua ntawm cov huab cua. Nws yog melting thiab boiling cov ntsiab lus yog -101 ° C thiab -35 ° C, feem. Nws muaj txiaj ntsig zoo li tshuaj tua kab mob hauv ntau qhov kev lag luam, kev kho dej, ua tsov rog gases, thiab lwm yam.
fluorine yog dab tsi?
Fluorine yog ib yam tshuaj uas qhia los ntawm F. Nws yog halogen (17 pawg) nyob rau lub sijhawm thib 2 ntawm lub sijhawm. Tus naj npawb atomic ntawm fluorine yog 9; Yog li, nws muaj cuaj protons thiab cuaj electrons. Nws txoj kev teeb tsa hluav taws xob tau sau ua 1s2 2s2 2p5. Txij li thaum p sublevel yuav tsum muaj 6 electrons kom tau txais Neon, noble gas electron configuration, fluorine muaj peev xwm nyiam ib tug electron. Raws li Pauling scale, Fluorine muaj lub siab tshaj plaws electronegativity nyob rau hauv lub periodic rooj, uas yog hais txog 4.
Cov atomic loj ntawm fluorine yog 18.9984 amu. Nyob rau hauv chav tsev kub, fluorine muaj raws li ib tug diatomic molecule (F2). F2 yog xim daj daj-ntsuab xim roj thiab muaj qhov kub ntawm -219 ° C thiab kub ntawm -188 ° C. Ntawm cov isotopes ntawm fluorine, F-17 tsis yog ib qho isotope ruaj khov, thiab nws muaj ib nrab-lub neej ntawm 1.8 teev. Tab sis F-19 yog ib qho isotope ruaj khov. Kev nplua nuj ntawm F-19 hauv ntiaj teb yog 100%. Fluorine tuaj yeem oxidize oxygen, thiab nws lub xeev oxidation yog -1.
Cov roj fluorine yog denser dua huab cua, thiab nws tuaj yeem ua kua thiab ua kom khov. Nws yog heev reactive; Qhov no yog vim nws cov electronegativity siab thiab tsis muaj zog fluorine-fluorine daim ntawv cog lus. Ntxiv mus, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm hom tshuaj no nrog rau feem ntau ntawm lwm cov molecules yog ceev. Vim yog qhov reactivity, nws tsis pom raws li lub caij dawb.
Astatine yog dab tsi?
Astatine yog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob muaj zog heev uas koom nrog pawg halogens. Nws muaj cov cim tshuaj ntawm tus lej atomic 85. Peb tuaj yeem piav qhia txog astatine yog qhov tsis tshua muaj tshwm sim ntawm cov tshuaj nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb. Nws tshwm sim tsuas yog cov khoom lwj ntawm ntau yam hnyav dua. Feem ntau, tag nrho cov isotopes ntawm astatine yog luv luv hom astatine-210 yog qhov ruaj khov tshaj plaws ntawm lawv. Yog li ntawd, cov khoom loj ntawm cov tshuaj no tsis paub tseeb.
Astatine feem ntau yuav muaj qhov tsaus ntuj thiab ci ntsa iab. Nws tuaj yeem yog semiconductor lossis hlau. Muaj ntau hom anionic ntawm astatine uas qhia cov khoom ntawm cov tebchaw ntawm iodine. Qee lub sij hawm nws tuaj yeem qhia cov yam ntxwv ntawm cov hlau thiab tuaj yeem pom qhov zoo sib xws rau cov nyiaj.
Qhov txawv ntawm Chlorine Fluorine thiab Astatine yog dab tsi?
Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm chlorine fluorine thiab astatine yog cov tshuaj chlorine zoo li cov pa daj daj-ntsuab thiab fluorine zoo li cov pa xim daj ntseg heev thaum astatine yog cov tshuaj siv hluav taws xob uas tsis tshua muaj tshwm sim hauv xwm.
Cov duab hauv qab no nthuav tawm qhov sib txawv ntawm chlorine fluorine thiab astatine hauv daim ntawv qhia rau kev sib piv ntawm ib sab.
Summary – Chlorine vs Fluorine vs Astatine
Chlorine, fluorine, thiab astatine yog peb tus tswv cuab ntawm pawg halogen. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov tshuaj chlorine, fluorine, thiab astatine yog cov tshuaj chlorine zoo li cov pa daj daj-ntsuab thiab cov tshuaj fluorine zoo li cov pa xim daj ntseg heev thaum astatine yog cov tshuaj lom neeg tsis tshua muaj tshwm sim hauv cov xwm txheej..
