Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm lactam thiab lactim yog tias lactam yog ib chav kawm ntawm cyclic amides uas tshwm sim raws li nitrogen analogs ntawm lactones, whereas lactim yog ib chav kawm ntawm cyclic hydroxyl-imides (enols) uas tshwm sim tautomeric nrog lactams.
Lactam thiab lactim yog cov organic tebchaw uas muaj feem cuam tshuam rau ib leeg. Lactam yog ib hom amide uas yog tsim los ntawm cov amino alkanoic acid. Lactim yog cyclic carboximidic acid uas muaj cov endocyclic carbon-nitrogen ob daim ntawv cog lus.
Lactam yog dab tsi?
Lactam yog hom amide tsim los ntawm cov amino alkanoic acid. Nws yog cyclic amide compound. Raws li nws lub nplhaib loj, muaj ntau lub lactam molecules npe siv Greek prefixes: alpha-lactam (muaj rings nrog peb atoms), beta-lactam (muaj rings nrog plaub atoms), gamma-lactam (muaj atoms nrog tsib atoms), thiab lwm yam..
Muaj ntau ntau txoj kev siv hluavtaws rau cov organic synthesis ntawm lactams. Qee qhov piv txwv muaj raws li hauv qab no:
- Kev npaj los ntawm cov kua qaub-catalyzed rearrangement cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm oximes nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm Beckmann rearrangement
- Kev npaj los ntawm cyclic ketones thiab hydrazoic acid thaum lub sijhawm Schmidt cov tshuaj tiv thaiv
- Tsim los ntawm cyclization ntawm amino acids
- Tsim los ntawm kev tawm tsam intramolecular ntawm linear acyl derivatives los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nucleophilic abstraction
- Thaum lub sijhawm txheej txheem iodolactamization
- Tsim los ntawm tooj liab-catalyzed 1, 3-dipolar cycloaddition ntawm alkynes thiab nitrones thaum lub sij hawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv Kinugasa
Daim duab 01: Iodolactamization Reaction
Lactim yog ib qho derivative ntawm lactam uas tsim los ntawm tautomerization ntawm lactams. Ntxiv mus, lactams tuaj yeem dhau los ua polymerization los ua polyamides.
Feem ntau, cov tshuaj beta-lactam muaj txiaj ntsig zoo li cov tshuaj tua kab mob rau kev tiv thaiv thiab kho cov kab mob uas tshwm sim los ntawm cov kab mob uas raug mob. Ob qho piv txwv ntawm hom tshuaj tua kab mob no suav nrog penicillins thiab cephalosporins
Lactim yog dab tsi?
Lactim yog cyclic carboximidic acid uas muaj cov endocyclic carbon-nitrogen ob daim ntawv cog lus. Cov tebchaw no tsim rau ntawm tautomerization ntawm lactam compounds. Peb tuaj yeem txhais tau tias lactim yog ib qho ntawm cov chav kawm ntawm cyclic hydroxyl-imides (lossis lwm yam peb hu ua enols) uas tshwm sim ua tautomeric khoom ntawm lactams.
Ntxiv mus, peb tuaj yeem piav qhia nws yog qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm amide-imidol tautomerism. Lub tautomerism ntawm lactam thiab lactim tshwm sim vim yog kev tsiv teb tsaws ntawm hydron ntawm oxygen thiab nitrogen atoms ntawm cov tebchaw.
Qhov txawv ntawm Lactam thiab Lactim yog dab tsi?
Lactams muaj feem xyuam rau cov tshuaj sib xyaw lactim. Cov no yog cyclic organic tebchaw. Lactam yog ib hom amide tsim los ntawm cov amino alkanoic acid. Lactim yog cyclic carboximidic acid uas muaj cov endocyclic carbon-nitrogen ob daim ntawv cog lus. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm lactam thiab lactim yog tias lactam yog ib qho ntawm cov chav kawm ntawm cyclic amides uas tshwm sim raws li nitrogen analogs ntawm lactones, whereas lactim yog ib qho ntawm cov chav kawm ntawm cyclic hydroxyl-imides (enols) uas tshwm sim tautomeric nrog lactams.
Hauv qab no yog cov ntsiab lus ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm lactam thiab lactim hauv daim ntawv tabular hauv daim ntawv tabular rau ib sab ntawm kev sib piv.
Summary – Lactam vs Lactim
Lactam yog hom amide tsim los ntawm cov amino alkanoic acid. Lactim yog cyclic carboximidic acid uas muaj cov endocyclic carbon-nitrogen ob daim ntawv cog lus. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm lactam thiab lactim yog tias lactam yog ib qho ntawm cov chav kawm ntawm cyclic amides uas tshwm sim raws li nitrogen analogs ntawm lactones, whereas lactim yog ib qho ntawm cov chav kawm ntawm cyclic hydroxyl-imides (enols) uas tshwm sim tautomeric nrog lactams.
