Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm Tus Hu-zoo li receptors thiab Nod-zoo li receptors yog qhov hu xov tooj zoo li cov receptors yog cov kab mob sib txuas uas ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev txheeb xyuas cov kab mob microbial hauv lub cev tsis muaj zog, thaum Nod-zoo li receptors yog cov proteins. tam sim no nyob rau hauv cytoplasm uas ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev txheeb xyuas cov kab mob microbial hauv lub cev tsis muaj zog.
Lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob hauv lub cev siv ntau yam receptors kom paub txog thiab teb rau cov kab mob microbial. Cov receptors khi rau cov qauv rov ua dua xws li carbohydrate lossis lipid moieties tam sim no nyob rau hauv cov chaw microbial thiaj li ua rau lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob. Lawv txoj haujlwm pab txhawb rau qhov pib ntawm kev tiv thaiv kab mob. Hu xov tooj zoo li receptors thiab Nod-zoo li receptors yog ob hom sib txawv ntawm cov receptors ua haujlwm hauv lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob.
Tus Hu Xov Tooj Zoo Li Cas?
Tus hu xov tooj zoo li receptors (TLRs) yog cov kab mob sib txuas ua ke uas ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev txheeb xyuas cov kab mob microbial hauv lub cev tsis muaj zog. Lawv yog ib leeg-pass membrane-spanning receptors. Feem ntau, cov receptors no tau qhia los ntawm cov hlwb xa mus xws li macrophages thiab dendritic hlwb. Thaum microbes ua txhaum lub cev tiv thaiv zoo li daim tawv nqaij lossis plab hnyuv mucosa, lawv tau lees paub los ntawm cov membrane-bound receptors txhawm rau txhawm rau ua kom lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob. TLR cov tswv cuab suav nrog TLR1, TLR2, TLR3, TLR4, TLR5, TLR6, TLR7, TLR8, TLR9, TLR10, TLR11, TLR12, thiab TLR13. Tib neeg tsis muaj cov noob rau TLR11, TLR12, thiab TLR13, thaum nas tsis muaj cov noob ua haujlwm rau TLR10. Ntxiv mus, TLR1, TLR2, TLR4, TLR5, TLR6, thiab TLR10 yog nyob rau ntawm cell membrane, whereas TLR3, TLR7, TLR8, thiab TLR9 yog nyob rau hauv intracellular vesicles. TLR3, TLR7, TLR8, thiab TLR9 receptors yog cov sensors ntawm nucleic acids.
Daim duab 01: Tus Hu Xov Tooj Zoo Li Tus Txais
TLRs tau txais lawv lub npe vim lawv qhov zoo sib xws rau cov protein uas tau sau los ntawm tus lej xov tooj. Thaum ua kom muaj zog, cov receptors thaum kawg ua rau kev tswj hwm lossis kev tawm tsam ntawm cov noob uas orchestrate inflammatory teb thiab lwm yam xwm txheej transcriptional. Qee qhov xwm txheej tseem ceeb no ua rau cytokine ntau lawm, kev loj hlob, thiab muaj sia nyob. Ntawm qhov tod tes, lwm yam xwm txheej ua rau muaj kev tiv thaiv zoo dua. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev kho mob qee yam tshuaj (imiquimod, resiquimod) hu ua TLR agonists (TLR7 & TLR8) tau tshawb nrhiav hauv kev kho mob qog noj ntshav. TLR ligands yog nyob rau hauv kev kho mob raws li cov tshuaj tiv thaiv adjuvants.
Nod-Like Receptors yog dab tsi?
Nod-like receptors (NLRs) yog cov proteins uas muaj nyob hauv cytoplasm thiab ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev txheeb xyuas cov kab mob microbial hauv lub cev tsis muaj zog. Lawv kuj tseem hu ua nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptors. Lawv yog cov intracellular sensors. Cov receptors no txheeb xyuas cov kab mob sib txuas nrog cov qauv (PAMPS) uas nkag mus rau hauv lub cell ntawm phagocytosis los yog qhov hws thiab puas txuam nrog cov qauv molecular (DAMPs) uas cuam tshuam nrog kev ntxhov siab ntawm tes. NLRs tau muab faib ua 4 subfamilies raws li hom N terminal domain: NLRA, NLRB, NLRC, thiab NLRP. Kuj tseem muaj lwm tsev neeg hu ua NLRX, uas tsis muaj homology tseem ceeb rau ib qho N davhlau ya nyob twg. Ntxiv mus, NLRs tuaj yeem muab faib ua 3 subfamilies raws li lawv txoj kev sib raug zoo, xws li NODs, NLRPs, thiab IPAF.
Daim duab 02: Nod-Like Receptors
NLRs tuaj yeem koom tes nrog TLRs thiab tswj cov lus teb inflammatory thiab apoptotic. Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv homologs tau raug txheeb xyuas nyob rau hauv ntau hom tsiaj (APAF1). Cov homologs no kuj pom nyob rau hauv lub nceeg vaj cog (kab mob tiv thaiv R protein).
Dab tsi zoo sib xws ntawm Tus Xov Tooj Zoo Li Tus Txais Txais thiab Nod-Like Receptors?
- Tsov-zoo li receptors thiab Nod-zoo li receptors yog ob yam sib txawv ntawm cov receptors hauv lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob.
- Ob lub receptors yog cov proteins ua los ntawm cov amino acids.
- Cov receptors no tuaj yeem koom tes nrog ib leeg los tswj cov lus teb inflammatory thiab apoptotic.
- Ob lub receptors tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo los ntawm kev hloov pauv.
- Cov receptors no muaj leucine-nplua nuj rov ua dua.
- Lawv pab txhawb rau qhov pib ntawm kev tiv thaiv kab mob.
Dab tsi yog qhov txawv ntawm Tus Xov Tooj Zoo Li Tus Txais thiab Nod-Like Receptors?
Tus neeg hu xov tooj zoo li yog cov kab mob sib txuas ua ke uas ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev txheeb xyuas cov kab mob microbial hauv lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob, thaum Nod-zoo li receptors yog cov proteins nyob hauv cytoplasm uas ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev txheeb xyuas cov kab mob hauv lub hauv paus. tiv thaiv kab mob. Yog li, qhov no yog qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm Tus Hu-zoo li receptors thiab Nod-zoo li receptors. Tsis tas li ntawd, tus xov tooj hu-zoo li receptors yog extracellular sensors ntawm pathogen-associated molecular qauv (PAMPs). Ntawm qhov tod tes, Nod-zoo li receptors yog intracellular sensors ntawm pathogen-associated molecular qauv (PAMPs).
Cov hauv qab no infographic nthuav tawm qhov sib txawv ntawm Tus Hu-zoo li receptors thiab Nod-zoo li receptors hauv daim ntawv tabular rau ib sab ntawm kev sib piv.
Summary – Hu-Like Receptors vs Nod-Like Receptors
Tus hu-zoo li receptors thiab Nod-zoo li receptors yog ob hom receptors nyob rau hauv lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob. Ob lub receptors yog cov sensors ntawm cov kab mob sib txuas nrog cov qauv molecular (PAMPs). Hu xov tooj zoo li receptors yog membrane-txheej proteins thaum Nod-zoo li receptors yog cov proteins nyob rau hauv lub cytoplasm. Yog li, qhov no yog qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm Tus Hu-zoo li receptors thiab Nod-zoo li receptors.
