Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm kev hloov pauv thiab mutagen yog qhov kev hloov pauv yog qhov hloov pauv ntawm nucleotide ib ntu ntawm cov genome ntawm cov kab mob, thaum mutagen yog tus neeg sawv cev uas yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev txhim kho kev hloov pauv.
Qee zaum, yuam kev tuaj yeem tshwm sim thaum lub sijhawm DNA rov ua dua. Cov txheej txheem kho DNA tam sim no nyob rau hauv lub cell feem ntau kho cov teeb meem no. Txawm li cas los xij, qee qhov yuam kev dhau los ua qhov qub thiab qub. Ua rau kev hloov pauv txawv. Mutagens yog ib qho laj thawj zoo li no. Yog li, kev hloov pauv thiab mutagens yog ob nqe lus uas piav qhia txog kev hloov pauv ntawm nucleotide ib ntus ntawm cov genome ntawm cov kab mob. Cov kev hloov no yog ob qho tib si genotypic thiab phenotypic. Yog li ntawd, lawv pab txhawb rau evolution ntawm cov kab mob.
Kev hloov pauv yog dab tsi?
Kev hloov pauv yog qhov hloov pauv ntawm nucleotide ib ntus ntawm cov genome ntawm cov kab mob. Kev hloov pauv feem ntau tshwm sim thaum cov txheej txheem rov ua dua ntawm DNA. Cov no yog hu ua spontaneous mutations. Sab nraud mutagens kuj ua rau kev hloov pauv. Cov no yog hu ua induced mutations.
Daim duab 01: Hom Kev Hloov Kho
Cov txheej txheem rov ua dua ntawm tes muaj cov txheej txheem kho DNA yuam kev uas zam ob hom ua rau. Txawm li cas los xij, kev hloov pauv tuaj yeem tshwm sim, overriding txheej txheem kho. Kev hloov pauv nrog cov txiaj ntsig zoo yog qhov qub. Cov kev hloov pauv zoo li no tuaj yeem ua rau muaj txiaj ntsig lossis muaj kev phom sij. Kev hloov pauv tau zoo tso cai rau lub cev kom haum rau ib puag ncig zoo dua. Txawm li cas los xij, feem ntau ntawm kev hloov pauv yog teeb meem vim kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov caj ces kab mob thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub cev. Qhov no tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kab mob thiab lwm yam txawv txav hauv lub cev.
Peb hom DNA hloov pauv yog hloov pauv, ntxig, thiab tshem tawm. Thaum lub hauv paus hloov pauv lossis qhov hloov pauv, peb hom kev hloov pauv tuaj yeem tshwm sim. Lawv yog cov mutations uas ntsiag to, tsis muaj kev hloov pauv, thiab tsis muaj qhov hloov pauv. Qee qhov kev hloov pauv tuaj yeem ua rau tuag taus, tab sis qee qhov tuaj yeem ua rau nruab nrab tsis muaj qhov cuam tshuam loj.
Mutagen yog dab tsi?
Mutagen yog tus neeg sawv cev sab nraud uas ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv hauv nucleotide ib ntus ntawm cov genome ntawm cov kab mob thaum lub sijhawm DNA replication. Cov kev hloov pauv hauv cov kab ke genome no ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv. Yog li ntawd, mutagens yog genotoxic. Cov nyhuv ntawm mutagens ntawm DNA replication txheej txheem thiab transcription tuaj yeem ua rau tuag taus.
Daim duab 02: Mutagenesis
Txawm li cas los xij, nyob ntawm hom mutagen, qhov tshwm sim sib txawv. Cov hom mutagens tseem ceeb yog lub cev mutagens, tshuaj mutagens, thiab cov tshuaj lom neeg. Lub cev mutagens yog X-rays, UV hluav taws xob, thiab hluav taws xob tawg. Cov tshuaj mutagens yog cov tshuaj sib xyaw ua ke, cov tshuaj sib txuas, cov tshuaj alkylating, cov tshuaj deaminating, cov pa oxygen reactive, thiab hom nitrogen. Cov tshuaj lom neeg yog transposons, kab mob, thiab kab mob.
Dab tsi zoo sib xws ntawm Kev Hloov thiab Mutagen?
- Kev hloov pauv thiab mutagens koom nrog hauv txheej txheem DNA rov ua dua.
- Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm ob hom cuam tshuam rau kev hloov pauv thiab folding ntawm DNA.
- Lawv ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv ntawm nucleotide ib ntus ntawm genome ntawm ib yam kabmob.
- Ntxiv mus, lawv ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv rau cov genome.
- Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv tuaj yeem ua rau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo thiab tsim kev puas tsuaj rau cov cell thiab genome.
- Ob hom kev txhawb nqa rau kev hloov pauv.
Qhov txawv ntawm Kev Hloov thiab Mutagen yog dab tsi?
Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm kev hloov pauv thiab mutagen yog qhov kev hloov pauv yog qhov hloov pauv ntawm nucleotide ib ntu ntawm cov genome ntawm cov kab mob, thaum mutagen yog tus neeg sawv cev uas yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev txhim kho kev hloov pauv. Tsis tas li ntawd, hom kev hloov pauv tseem ceeb suav nrog kev hloov pauv hauv paus, ntxig, thiab tshem tawm. Txawm li cas los xij, cov hom mutagens tseem ceeb suav nrog cov tshuaj analogs, DNA reactive tshuaj, hlau, intercalating agents, thiab biological agents.
Cov hauv qab no infographic nthuav tawm qhov sib txawv ntawm kev hloov pauv thiab mutagen hauv daim ntawv tabular rau ib sab ntawm kev sib piv.
Summary – Mutation vs Mutagen
Kev hloov pauv yog qhov hloov pauv ntawm nucleotide ib ntus ntawm cov genome ntawm cov kab mob. Mutagen yog tus neeg sawv cev uas ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv hauv cov nucleotide ib ntus ntawm genome (mutation) ntawm lub cev. Yog li, qhov no yog qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm kev hloov pauv thiab mutagen. Kev hloov pauv thiab mutagens yog ob nqe lus uas piav qhia txog kev hloov pauv ntawm nucleotide ib ntus ntawm genome ntawm ib yam kabmob. Cov kev hloov no yog ob qho tib si genotypic thiab phenotypic. Yog li ntawd, lawv pab txhawb rau evolution ntawm cov kab mob. Kev hloov pauv nrog cov txiaj ntsig zoo yog muaj txiaj ntsig. Cov kev hloov pauv zoo li no tuaj yeem ua rau muaj txiaj ntsig lossis muaj kev phom sij. Mutagens yog genotoxic. Nyob ntawm hom mutagen, qhov tshwm sim sib txawv. Yog li, qhov no qhia txog qhov sib txawv ntawm kev hloov pauv thiab mutagen.
