Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom siv lead ua thiab quasicrystals yog cov muaju muaj cov qauv txiav txim uas yog ncua sij hawm, hos quasicrystals kuj muaj cov qauv txiav txim uas tsis nruj me ntsis raws sij hawm.
Cov ntsiab lus muaju thiab quasicrystals yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm crystallography uas poob rau hauv kev lag luam chemistry. Crystals yog cov monomeric units ntawm crystalline cov ntaub ntawv, thaum quasicrystals yog hom crystals uas muaj arrays ntawm atoms uas nyob rau hauv ib qho kev txiav txim tab sis tsis nruj me ntsis raws sij hawm.
Crystals yog dab tsi?
Crystals yog cov monomeric units ntawm crystalline khoom. Cov khoom siv crystalline no muaj lawv cov atoms, molecules lossis ions uas tau teem rau hauv cov qauv tsim microscopic heev. Cov chav no ua rau cov khoom siv lead ua ntawm cov khoom siv crystalline. Crystal lattice tuaj yeem txuas mus rau txhua qhov chaw. Tsis tas li ntawd, peb tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas qhov microscopic ib leeg ntawm cov khoom siv crystalline siv cov duab geometrical. Thaum xav txog cov duab geometric, cov muaju muaj cov ntsej muag tiaj tus uas muaj cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb thiab cov yam ntxwv. Ntxiv mus, thaj chaw ntawm kev kawm crystals yog crystallography. Peb hu rau cov txheej txheem ntawm kev tsim cov crystals crystal kev loj hlob los yog crystallization.
Daim duab 01: Cov ntaub ntawv crystalline thiab tsis-crystalline ntawm cov teeb meem
Nyob hauv cov qauv siv lead ua, cov atoms, molecules, lossis ions tau teem rau hauv ib ntus. Txawm li cas los xij, tag nrho cov khoom tsis yog crystals. Nws tuaj yeem muaj cov khoom tsis-crystalline, raws li qhia hauv daim duab saum toj no. Yog tias peb xav txog dej thaum dej pib khov, cov theem ntawm cov teeb meem hloov ntawm cov kua mus rau cov khoom thiab cov dej khov me me yuav loj hlob mus txog thaum cov fusion tshwm sim (uas tsim cov qauv polycrystalline).
Peb tuaj yeem qhia lub cell rau cov khoom siv crystalline. Chav tsev cell yog ib lub thawv xav uas muaj ib lossis ntau lub atoms hauv ib qho kev npaj tshwj xeeb. Feem ntau, chav tsev cell zoo li pawg nyob rau hauv 3D kev npaj, tsim ib tug siv lead ua. Peb tuaj yeem lees paub cov muaju los ntawm lawv cov duab raws li lub ntsej muag muaj lub kaum ntse ntse.
Crystalization yog txheej txheem los ntawm cov khoom siv lead ua los ntawm cov kua lossis cov khoom yaj hauv cov kua. Lub teb ntawm crystallization yog qhov dav heev vim hais tias ib qho kua dej tuaj yeem ua kom muaj zog rau ntau hom sib txawv nyob ntawm cov xwm txheej. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib qho nyuaj thiab kawm ntau yam.
Quasicrystals yog dab tsi?
Quasicrystals yog hom crystals uas muaj arrays ntawm atoms uas nyob rau hauv ib qho kev txiav txim tab sis tsis nruj me ntsis raws sij hawm. Yog li ntawd, quasicrystals tej zaum yuav muaj qee qhov zoo sib xws nrog cov muaju li qub. Qhov zoo sib xws ntawm cov muaju ib txwm muaj thiab quasicrystals tau qhia hauv qab no.
Daim duab 02: A Quasicrystal (holmium-magnesium-zinc quasicrystal qauv)
Feem ntau, hom siv lead ua no paub zoo rau nws lub peev xwm los qhia tsib-fold symmetry. Qhov no symmetry yog tsis yooj yim sua nyob rau hauv ib txwm periodic crystals. Yog li ntawd, International Union ntawm Crystallography tau rov txhais "crystals" kom suav nrog cov ntsiab lus hais txog quasicrystals.
Qhov kev tshawb pom ntawm quasicrystals tau tshwm sim hauv xyoo 1982. Kev tsim cov crystals no yog qhov tsis tshua muaj vim tias tsuas yog 100 cov khoom paub paub zoo li tsim cov quasicrystals ntawm 400,000 ib txwm muaj cov crystals uas paub txog xyoo 2004. Ntxiv mus, Dan Shechtman tau txais qhov khoom plig Nobel rau kev tshawb pom ntawm quasicrystals.
Dab tsi yog qhov zoo sib xws ntawm Crystals thiab Quasicrystals?
- Crystals thiab quasicrystals yog cov khoom siv crystalline.
- Lawv tso cov qauv sib cais hauv X-ray diffraction.
- Ob leeg tuaj yeem tsim cov duab nrog lub ntsej muag du thiab tiaj tus.
Qhov txawv ntawm Crystals thiab Quasicrystals yog dab tsi?
Cov ntsiab lus muaju thiab quasicrystals yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev ua haujlwm ntawm crystallography. Muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm lawv thiab qee qhov zoo sib xws ntawm cov ntsiab lus no. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom siv lead ua thiab quasicrystals yog cov muaju muaj cov qauv txiav txim uas yog ncua sij hawm ib yam nkaus, hos quasicrystals kuj muaj cov qauv txiav txim uas tsis nruj me ntsis raws sij hawm.
Cov hauv qab no infographic teev qhov sib txawv ntawm cov muaju thiab quasicrystals nyob rau hauv daim ntawv tabular rau ib sab ntawm kev sib piv.
Summary – Crystals vs Quasicrystals
Quasicrystals yog ib hom crystals. Lawv txawv ntawm cov muaju zoo tib yam raws li lawv cov qauv tshuaj. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom siv lead ua thiab quasicrystals yog cov muaju muaj cov qauv txiav txim uas yog ncua sij hawm ib yam nkaus, hos quasicrystals kuj muaj cov qauv txiav txim uas tsis nruj me ntsis raws sij hawm.
