Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm heteroatom thiab pab pawg ua haujlwm yog tias heteroatom yog ib qho atom uas tsis yog carbon thiab hydrogen, whereas pawg ua haujlwm yog atom lossis ib pawg atoms uas yog lub luag haujlwm rau cov tshuaj reactivity ntawm cov organic compound.
Cov ntsiab lus heteroatom thiab pab pawg ua haujlwm feem ntau yog siv hauv cov tshuaj lom neeg vim tias lawv tseem ceeb hauv kev nthuav tawm cov khoom ntawm cov organic tebchaw.
Heteroatom yog dab tsi?
Ib heteroatom hauv chemistry yog ib qho atom uas tsis yog carbon thiab hydrogen. Hauv lwm lo lus, heteroatoms yog atoms uas tsis yog carbon lossis hydrogen. Lub npe "hetero-" yog hais txog lub ntsiab lus "txawv" hauv Greek.
Xyaum, peb siv lo lus no los qhia tshwj xeeb uas tsis yog carbon atoms uas tau hloov cov pa roj carbon atoms hauv cov pob txha ntawm cov qauv molecular. Cov feem ntau pom heteroatoms nyob rau hauv cov organic tebchaw muaj xws li nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, phosphorous, chlorine, bromine, thiab iodine. Kuj tseem muaj qee cov hlau atoms xws li lithium thiab magnesium.
Daim duab 01: Ib qho Organic Compound Muaj Nitrogen li Heteroatom
Peb tuaj yeem siv lo lus heteroatom los piav qhia txog cov qauv protein, thaum cov ntaub ntawv heteroatom yog ib qho atom uas yog ib qho me me molecule cofactor uas tsis yog ib feem ntawm cov saw hlau biopolymer.
Thaum xav txog zeolites, lub sij hawm heteroatom hais txog ib nrab isomorphous hloov pauv ntawm cov qauv atoms xws li silicon, txhuas thiab phosphorus los ntawm lwm cov atoms xws li beryllium, vanadium thiab chromium.
Pab Pawg Ua Haujlwm yog dab tsi?
Cov pab pawg ua haujlwm yog cov khoom siv tshwj xeeb uas tshwm sim hauv cov molecule thiab yog lub luag haujlwm rau cov yam ntxwv tshuaj tiv thaiv cov molecules uas tau dhau mus. Piv txwv li, yog tias cov pab pawg ua haujlwm zoo ib yam rau ob lub molecules uas muaj cov qauv tshuaj sib txawv, ob lub molecules yuav raug cov tshuaj zoo sib xws, tsis hais qhov loj ntawm cov molecules. Feem ntau, cov pab pawg ua haujlwm tseem ceeb heev hauv ntau qhov sib txawv; hauv kev txheeb xyuas qhov tsis paub txog cov molecules, hauv kev txiav txim siab kawg cov khoom ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, hauv cov tshuaj synthesis tshuaj rau kev tsim thiab kev sib txuas ntawm cov tebchaw tshiab, thiab lwm yam.
Nquag, cov pab pawg ua haujlwm tau txuas rau lub molecule ntawm covalent chemical bonds. Hauv cov polymers, cov pab pawg ua haujlwm tau txuas mus rau cov tub ntxhais uas tsis yog-polar ntawm carbon atoms, muab cov polymer nws cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb. Txawm li cas los xij, cov pab pawg ua haujlwm qee zaum raug them cov tshuaj lom neeg. i.e. carboxylate ion pawg. Qhov no ua rau cov molecule yog polyatomic ion. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov pab pawg ua haujlwm uas txuas rau lub hauv paus hlau atom hauv kev sib koom ua ke hu ua ligands. Qee qhov piv txwv rau cov pab pawg ua haujlwm suav nrog pawg hydroxyl, pawg carbonyl, pawg aldehyde, pawg ketone, thiab pawg carboxyl.
Qhov txawv ntawm Heteroatom thiab Functional Group yog dab tsi?
Cov ntsiab lus heteroatom thiab pab pawg ua haujlwm yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv cov tshuaj lom neeg vim tias cov ntsiab lus no tseem ceeb hauv kev nthuav tawm cov khoom ntawm cov organic tebchaw. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm heteroatom thiab pab pawg ua haujlwm yog tias heteroatom yog ib qho atom uas tsis yog carbon thiab hydrogen, whereas pawg ua haujlwm yog atom lossis ib pawg atoms uas yog lub luag haujlwm rau cov tshuaj reactivity ntawm cov organic compound. Ntxiv mus, nitrogen atoms nyob rau hauv pyridine molecule yog cov piv txwv ntawm heteroatoms whereas aldehydes, ketones, alcohols, amides, carboxylic acids, thiab lwm yam. yog cov piv txwv ntawm functional pawg.
Cov hauv qab no infographic teev qhov sib txawv ntawm heteroatom thiab pab pawg ua haujlwm hauv daim ntawv teev npe rau ib sab ntawm kev sib piv.
Summary – Heteroatom vs Functional Group
Heteroatom thiab pab pawg ua haujlwm tuaj yeem pom hauv cov organic sib txuas. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm heteroatom thiab pab pawg ua haujlwm yog tias heteroatom yog ib qho atom uas tsis yog carbon thiab hydrogen, whereas pawg ua haujlwm yog atom lossis ib pawg atoms uas yog lub luag haujlwm rau cov tshuaj reactivity ntawm cov organic compound.
