Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm Ostwald txoj kev xav thiab Quinonoid txoj kev xav yog Ostwald txoj kev xav hais tias cov kua qaub-puag qhia tias yog cov kua qaub tsis muaj zog lossis lub hauv paus tsis muaj zog uas tsuas yog ib feem ionizes hauv cov tshuaj, qhov Quinonoid txoj kev xav hais tias cov kua qaub- qhov taw qhia hauv paus tshwm sim hauv ob daim ntawv tautomer uas hloov ntawm ib daim ntawv mus rau lwm qhov kom muab cov xim hloov.
Ostwald txoj kev xav thiab Quinonoid txoj kev xav yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev tshuaj ntsuam chemistry txog acid-base titrations siv cov ntsuas.
Ostwald Theory yog dab tsi?
Ostwald txoj kev xav lossis Ostwald dilution txoj cai yog ib txoj kev tshawb fawb hauv chemistry uas piav qhia tias tus cwj pwm ntawm cov electrolyte tsis muaj zog ua raws li cov hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev txiav txim loj, raug cuam tshuam ntau ntawm qhov tsis muaj qhov kawg. Peb tuaj yeem soj ntsuam tus yam ntxwv ntawm cov tsis muaj zog electrolytes sim los ntawm kev txiav txim siab electrochemical.
Daim duab 01: Wilhelm Ostwald
Txoj kev xav Ostwald no tau hais los ntawm Wilhelm Ostwald hauv xyoo 1891. Qhov kev xav no yog los ntawm Arrhenius txoj kev xav. Qhov kev xav no hais tias cov kua qaub-puag qhia tias yog cov kua qaub tsis muaj zog lossis lub hauv paus tsis muaj zog uas tsuas yog qee qhov ionizes hauv cov tshuaj. Yog li ntawd, muaj cov ntawv ionized thiab unionized muaj xim sib txawv. Nyob ntawm qhov xwm txheej ntawm qhov nruab nrab, xws li ionized lossis daim ntawv unionized dominates cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nruab nrab; Yog li, hloov qhov xwm txheej ntawm qhov nruab nrab tuaj yeem hloov xim ntawm qhov nruab nrab. Piv txwv li, phenolphthalein yog ib qho qhia tau tias yog cov kua qaub tsis muaj zog, thiab nws tuaj yeem hloov nws cov xim los ntawm tsis muaj xim mus rau xim liab thaum nce pH ntawm nruab nrab.
Ntxiv mus, Ostwald txoj kev xav piav qhia vim li cas qee qhov ntsuas tsis tuaj yeem ua haujlwm hauv qee qhov pH qhov tseem ceeb ntawm qhov nruab nrab, piv txwv li. phenolphthalein tsis haum thaum titrating lub zog acid nrog lub hauv paus tsis muaj zog. Qhov no yog vim qhov kawg taw qhia los ntawm qhov ntsuas tsis nyob hauv qhov ntau qhov chaw sib npaug ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshwm sim.
Quinonoid Theory yog dab tsi?
Quinonoid txoj kev xav yog ib txoj kev tshawb fawb hauv chemistry uas tsuas piav qhia txog qhov kev hloov xim ntawm cov kua qaub-puag qhia tshwm sim raws li kev hloov pauv hauv cov qauv tshuaj. Ntawm no, peb txiav txim siab tias qhov ntsuas muaj nyob hauv qhov sib npaug ntawm ob daim ntawv tautomeric. Ob daim ntawv no yog hu ua benzenoid daim ntawv thiab quinonoid daim ntawv. Ib qho ntawm cov ntaub ntawv no tshwm sim hauv cov kua qaub thaum lwm daim ntawv tshwm sim hauv cov tshuaj daws teeb meem. Ob daim ntawv no kuj muaj ob lub xim sib txawv uas yuav pab tau kom pom cov xim hloov. Thaum lub sijhawm hloov xim no, ib daim ntawv tautomer hloov nws cov qauv mus rau cov qauv ntawm lwm daim ntawv tautomer.
Dab tsi yog qhov txawv ntawm Ostwald Theory thiab Quinonoid Theory?
Ostwald txoj kev xav thiab Quinonoid txoj kev xav yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev tshuaj ntsuam chemistry txog cov kua qaub-piv titrations siv cov ntsuas. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm Ostwald txoj kev xav thiab Quinonoid txoj kev xav yog Ostwald txoj kev xav piav qhia tias cov kua qaub-puag qhia tias yog cov kua qaub tsis muaj zog lossis lub hauv paus tsis muaj zog uas tsuas yog ib nrab ionize hauv cov tshuaj, qhov Quinonoid txoj kev xav piav qhia tias cov kua qaub-puag qhia tshwm sim hauv ob. tautomer cov ntaub ntawv uas hloov ntawm ib daim ntawv mus rau lwm qhov kom muab cov xim hloov.
Cov infographic hauv qab no teev qhov sib txawv ntawm Ostwald txoj kev xav thiab Quinonoid txoj kev xav hauv daim ntawv.
Summary – Ostwald Theory vs Quinonoid Theory
Ostwald txoj kev xav thiab Quinonoid txoj kev xav yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev tshuaj ntsuam chemistry txog cov kua qaub-piv titrations siv cov ntsuas. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm Ostwald txoj kev xav thiab Quinonoid txoj kev xav yog Ostwald txoj kev xav piav qhia tias cov kua qaub-puag qhia tias yog cov kua qaub tsis muaj zog lossis lub hauv paus tsis muaj zog uas tsuas yog ib nrab ionize hauv cov tshuaj, qhov Quinonoid txoj kev xav piav qhia tias cov kua qaub-puag qhia tshwm sim hauv ob. tautomer cov ntaub ntawv uas hloov ntawm ib daim ntawv mus rau lwm qhov kom muab cov xim hloov.
