Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm pab pawg ua haujlwm thiab homologous series yog cov pab pawg ua haujlwm yog moiety ntawm cov tshuaj sib xyaw uas yog lub luag haujlwm rau cov tshuaj reactivity ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg uas yog homologous series yog cov kab ke ntawm cov tshuaj sib txuas uas muaj cov pab pawg ua haujlwm zoo sib xws thiab zoo ib yam tshuaj reactivity.
Cov ntsiab lus ua haujlwm pab pawg thiab homologous series yog ob nqe lus ntsig txog. Qhov no yog vim muaj homologous series cov ntaub ntawv raws li kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov tshuaj sib xyaw ua ke.
Pab Pawg Ua Haujlwm yog dab tsi?
Cov pab pawg ua haujlwm yog cov khoom siv tshwj xeeb uas tshwm sim hauv cov molecule thiab yog lub luag haujlwm rau cov yam ntxwv tshuaj tiv thaiv cov molecules uas tau dhau mus. Piv txwv li, yog tias cov pab pawg ua haujlwm zoo ib yam rau ob lub molecules uas muaj cov qauv tshuaj sib txawv, ob lub molecules yuav raug cov tshuaj zoo sib xws, tsis hais qhov loj ntawm cov molecules. Feem ntau, cov pab pawg ua haujlwm tseem ceeb heev hauv ntau qhov sib txawv; hauv kev txheeb xyuas qhov tsis paub txog cov molecules, hauv kev txiav txim siab kawg cov khoom ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, hauv cov tshuaj synthesis tshuaj rau kev tsim thiab kev sib txuas ntawm cov tebchaw tshiab, thiab lwm yam.
Daim duab 01: Cov pab pawg ua haujlwm hauv cov khoom sib txawv sib txawv
Ib txwm, cov pab pawg ua haujlwm txuas nrog cov molecule ntawm covalent tshuaj bonds. Hauv cov polymers, cov pab pawg ua haujlwm tau txuas nrog cov tub ntxhais uas tsis muaj zog ntawm cov pa roj carbon atoms, muab cov polymer nws cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb. Txawm li cas los xij, cov pab pawg ua haujlwm qee zaum raug them cov tshuaj lom neeg.i.e. carboxylate ion pawg. Qhov no ua rau cov molecule yog polyatomic ion. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov pab pawg ua haujlwm uas txuas rau lub hauv paus hlau atom hauv kev sib koom ua ke hu ua ligands. Qee qhov piv txwv zoo rau pawg ua haujlwm suav nrog pawg hydroxyl, pawg carbonyl, pawg aldehyde, pawg ketone, pawg carboxyl, thiab lwm yam.
Homologous Series yog dab tsi?
Ib homologous series yog ib ntu ntawm cov tshuaj sib txuas uas muaj tib pab pawg ua haujlwm thiab yog li, tib cov tshuaj reactivity. Lo lus no yog siv feem ntau nyob rau hauv thaj tsam ntawm cov organic chemistry qhov twg cov tshuaj sib xyaw ua ke tuaj yeem yog cov ceg ntoo lossis cov qauv tsis muaj ceg. Ib homologous series tuaj yeem tsim raws li qhov ntev ntawm cov saw hlau los yog raws li tus naj npawb ntawm monomer units hauv homopolymer ib yam. Piv txwv li, homologous series ntawm ncaj- saw alkanes pib nrog methane, ethane propane, butane thiab pentane.
Daim duab 02: Cov ntsiab lus Boiling Maj mam Hloov hauv Homologous Series
Feem ntau, cov tswv cuab ntawm homologous series muaj cov txheej txheem ruaj khov ntawm cov pab pawg ua haujlwm uas muab cov molecules zoo li tshuaj lom neeg thiab lub cev. E.g. thawj cov saw hlau ncaj nraim muaj ib qho hydroxyl ntawm qhov kawg ntawm cov saw hlau. Cov khoom ntawm homologous series maj mam hloov nrog rau cov koob, thiab cov kev hloov no feem ntau tuaj yeem piav qhia los ntawm qhov sib txawv me ntsis ntawm qhov loj me thiab qhov hnyav. Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias peb tsis tuaj yeem npaj cov tswv cuab ntawm cov koob raws li qhov kev txiav txim siab nyob ntawm ib qho kev txwv, cov khoom sib txuas yog hu ua tsev neeg tshuaj lossis chav kawm ntawm homologous compounds, tsis yog series.
Qhov txawv ntawm Pawg Ua Haujlwm thiab Homologous Series yog dab tsi?
Cov ntsiab lus ua haujlwm pab pawg thiab homologous series yog ob nqe lus ntsig txog. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov pab pawg ua haujlwm thiab homologous series yog cov pab pawg ua haujlwm yog moiety ntawm cov tshuaj sib xyaw uas yog lub luag haujlwm rau cov tshuaj reactivity ntawm cov tshuaj compound thaum homologous series yog ib theem ntawm cov tshuaj sib txuas uas muaj cov pab pawg ua haujlwm zoo sib xws thiab yog li, cov tshuaj zoo sib xws..
Hauv qab infographic nthuav tawm cov ntsiab lus ntxiv ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm pawg ua haujlwm thiab homologous series.
Summary – Functional Group vs Homologous Series
Ib homologous series cov ntaub ntawv raws li pawg ua haujlwm ntawm cov tshuaj sib xyaw. Yog li ntawd, qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm pawg neeg ua haujlwm thiab homologous series yog cov pab pawg ua haujlwm yog moiety ntawm cov tshuaj sib xyaw ua ke uas yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev rov ua haujlwm ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg uas yog homologous series yog cov kab ke ntawm cov tshuaj sib xyaw uas muaj cov pab pawg ua haujlwm zoo sib xws thiab yog li, zoo ib yam. tshuaj reactivity.
