Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm pawg 1 cov hlau thiab cov hlau hloov pauv yog tias pawg 1 cov hlau tsim cov xim tsis muaj xim, qhov hloov pauv hlau tsim cov xim sib xyaw.
Pab pawg 1 hlau tseem hu ua alkali hlau vim tias cov khoom no tuaj yeem tsim cov alkaline. Txawm li cas los xij, pawg 1 ntawm lub rooj zaum muaj hydrogen, uas yog cov hlau tsis muaj hlau. Hloov pauv hlau, ntawm qhov tod tes, yog d thaiv cov ntsiab lus, tab sis tsis yog tag nrho cov d thaiv cov ntsiab lus yog cov hlau hloov. Pawg 1 cov hlau thiab cov hlau hloov pauv zoo sib xws hauv qhov tseeb tias ob qho tib si muaj cov hluav taws xob tsis sib xws.
Dab tsi yog Pawg 1 Hlau?
Pab pawg 1 cov hlau yog cov tshuaj lom neeg muaj cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tsis sib xws nyob rau sab nraud ntawm lub orbital. Cov hlau no muaj npe hu ua alkali hlau vim tias lawv tsim cov tshuaj lom neeg uas muaj alkaline thaum yaj hauv dej. Peb tuaj yeem soj ntsuam cov ntsiab lus no hauv thawj kab ntawm s block ntawm lub sijhawm teem sijhawm. Cov tswv cuab ntawm pawg 1 hlau yog raws li nram no:
- Lithium (Li)
- Sodium (Na)
- YPotassium (K)
- Rubidium (Rh)
- Caesium (Cs)
- Francium (Fr)
Pab pawg 1 cov hlau yog txhua yam ci ntsa iab, muaj zog heev, thiab muag heev (peb tuaj yeem txiav lawv yooj yim siv riam yooj yim). Feem ntau, cov hlau nyob rau hauv pab pawg no qhia tau hais tias tsawg ntom ntom, cov ntsiab lus melting tsawg, cov ntsiab lus boiling tsawg thiab muaj lub cev-centred cubic crystal lug. Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv muaj cov nplaim taws sib txawv, yog li peb tuaj yeem yooj yim paub qhov txawv ntawm lawv los ntawm kev nthuav tawm cov qauv rau Bunsen burner.
Ntxiv mus, muaj qee lub sijhawm hloov pauv ntawm pawg 1 hlau. Piv txwv li, thaum mus rau hauv pawg, lub atomic loj ntawm cov ntsiab lus nce, lub melting point thiab boiling point txo, qhov ceev nce, thawj ionization zog nce, reactivity txo, etc.
Kev hloov pauv hlau yog dab tsi?
Kev hloov pauv hlau yog cov khoom siv tshuaj lom neeg muaj cov atoms nrog cov khoom tsis sib xws d electrons. Hauv cov ntsiab lus no, yam tsawg kawg ntawm cov cations ruaj khov lawv tsim yuav tsum muaj cov khoom siv tsis sib xws. Yog li, feem ntau ntawm cov ntsiab lus d block yog cov hlau hloov pauv. Peb tsis tuaj yeem xav txog scandium thiab zinc ua cov hlau hloov pauv vim tias lawv tsis muaj cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tsis sib xws txawm nyob hauv lawv cov cations ruaj khov. Cov atoms no muaj d electrons, tab sis tag nrho lawv yog khub electrons.
Ntxiv mus, kev hloov pauv hlau tuaj yeem tsim cov sib txawv nrog ntau yam xim. Cov ntsiab lus no tau txais lub peev xwm no vim tias cov ntsiab lus no tuaj yeem muaj cov oxidation sib txawv uas muaj xim zoo nkauj heev. Cov txheej txheem oxidation sib txawv ntawm cov tshuaj muaj peev xwm muaj xim sib txawv. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov xim no tshwm sim vim kev hloov hluav taws xob d-d. Tsis tas li ntawd, vim muaj cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tsis sib xws, cov hlau no yog paramagnetic lossis ferromagnetic. Yuav luag tag nrho cov ntsiab lus no tuaj yeem txuas nrog ligands los tsim kev sib koom ua ke.
Dab tsi yog qhov txawv ntawm Pawg 1 Cov Hlau thiab Cov Hlau Hloov Hloov?
Pab pawg 1 cov hlau thiab cov hlau hloov pauv txawv ntawm ib leeg, feem ntau yog nyob ntawm cov xim ntawm cov tshuaj sib xyaw uas lawv tsim. Qhov ntawd yog; Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm pawg 1 cov hlau thiab cov hlau hloov pauv yog tias pawg 1 hlau tsim cov xim tsis muaj xim, thaum cov hlau hloov pauv tsim cov xim sib txuas.
Ntxiv mus, pawg 1 cov hlau yog cov tshuaj muaj tshuaj lom neeg uas muaj cov hluav taws xob tsis sib xws nyob rau sab nraud ntawm lub orbital thaum cov hlau hloov pauv yog cov tshuaj lom neeg muaj cov atoms nrog cov tsis muaj electrons.
Hauv qab infographic tabulates qhov sib txawv ntawm pawg 1 cov hlau thiab cov hlau hloov pauv kom ntxaws ntxiv.
Summary – Group 1 Metals vs Transition Metals
Pab pawg 1 cov hlau thiab cov hlau hloov pauv txawv ntawm ib leeg, feem ntau yog nyob ntawm cov xim ntawm cov tshuaj sib xyaw uas lawv tsim. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm pawg 1 cov hlau thiab cov hlau hloov pauv yog tias pawg 1 hlau tsim cov xim tsis muaj xim, thaum cov hlau hloov pauv tsim cov xim sib xyaw.
