Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm kev sib koom ua ke thiab kev hloov pauv tom qab kev hloov pauv yog qhov kev hloov pauv hloov pauv hloov pauv yog hom hloov pauv protein uas tshwm sim thaum lub sijhawm sib xyaw thaum hloov pauv tom qab hloov pauv yog hom kev hloov kho uas tshwm sim tom qab pib ua kom tiav.
Protein yog ib qho tseem ceeb macronutrient rau cov kab mob nyob. Genes encode proteins ntawm gene qhia. Gene qhia yuav siv sij hawm qhov chaw los ntawm ob kauj ruam loj: transcription thiab translation. Gene qhia yog txheej txheem nyuaj uas tswj nruj kom tsim tau cov protein kom raug thiab ua haujlwm tau zoo. Yog li ntawd, muaj kev hloov kho tshwm sim thaum lub sij hawm gene qhia. Muaj peb theem ntawm kev hloov kho cov protein. Lawv yog pre translational, co-translational thiab post-translational hloov. Kev hloov pauv kev sib koom ua ke tshwm sim thaum cov txheej txheem txhais lus thaum cov kev hloov pauv tom qab kev txhais lus tshwm sim tom qab kev txhais lus lossis cov protein synthesis. Raws li qhov tshwm sim ntawm tag nrho cov kev hloov kho no, cov khoom lag luam muaj protein ntau uas yog qhov tseem ceeb rau cov hlwb raug tsim los ntawm qhov kawg ntawm cov noob qhia.
Co Translational Modification yog dab tsi?
Co translational modifications yog ib hom kev hloov pauv protein uas tshwm sim thaum lub sijhawm txhais lus. Yog li, cov kev hloov kho no tshwm sim thaum lub sij hawm tsim cov protein. Kev hloov pauv kev txhais lus feem ntau tshwm sim hauv RER. Newly synthesizing polypeptides tau txais kev hloov pauv hloov pauv. Qee qhov kev hloov pauv hloov pauv yog kev tswj hwm kev txhais lus, protein folding thiab ua, myristoylation, prenylation thiab palmitoylation. N-txuas glycosylation yog ib kauj ruam koom nrog hauv protein folding hauv RER. Ntxiv mus, molecular chaperons nyob rau hauv RER pab txhawb cov protein folding.
Daim duab 01: Co Translational Modifications
Post Translational Modification yog dab tsi?
Post-translational modification yog covalent lossis enzymatic hloov kho cov proteins tom qab kev txhais lus. Yog li, tom qab kev hloov pauv hloov pauv tshwm sim tom qab cov protein biosynthesis. Cov kev hloov kho no tshwm sim hauv ntau lub cell organelles xws li RER, Golgi lub cev, endosomes, lysosomes thiab secretory vesicles. Feem ntau, kev hloov kho tom qab kev txhais lus yog kev hloov kho cov qauv uas ua rau muaj kev ua haujlwm ntau ntawm cov protein. Nws tshwm sim los ntawm kev sib ntxiv ntawm cov pab pawg ua haujlwm lossis cov proteins, proteolytic cleavage ntawm kev tswj hwm subunits lossis los ntawm degradation ntawm tag nrho cov proteins.
Daim duab 02: Kev Hloov Hloov Hloov Hloov Hloov
Piv txwv ntawm kev hloov pauv tom qab kev txhais lus suav nrog phosphorylation, glycosylation, ubiquitination, nitrosylation, methylation, acetylation, lipidation thiab proteolysis. Kev hloov pauv tom qab kev txhais lus yog qhov tseem ceeb vim tias lawv cuam tshuam yuav luag txhua yam ntawm cell biology. Mature functional proteins yog tsim tom qab kev hloov pauv hloov hauv cell. Lawv ua kom cov complexity ntawm proteome nyob rau hauv ib lub cell. Tsis tas li ntawd, kev hloov kho tom qab kev txhais lus yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev tshawb fawb ntawm cell biology thiab kev kho kab mob thiab kev tiv thaiv.
Dab tsi yog qhov zoo sib xws ntawm Co thiab Post Translational Hloov Kho?
- Co thiab kev hloov pauv tom qab kev txhais lus yog ob ntawm peb qib kev hloov pauv protein.
- Ob hom yog kev hloov kho.
- Lawv tshwm sim thaum thiab tom qab kev txhais lus.
- Lawv tseem ceeb heev rau kev tsim cov qauv protein ruaj khov thiab ua haujlwm tsim nyog.
- Ob qho tib si kev sib koom ua ke thiab kev hloov pauv tom qab kev hloov pauv tshwm sim hauv RER.
Qhov txawv ntawm Co thiab Post Translational Modification yog dab tsi?
Kev hloov pauv kev txhais lus yog ib hom kev hloov pauv protein uas tshwm sim thaum lub sijhawm txhais lus thaum kev hloov pauv tom qab kev hloov pauv yog hom kev hloov pauv protein uas tshwm sim tom qab kev txhais lus. Yog li, qhov no yog qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm kev sib koom ua ke thiab kev hloov pauv tom qab kev hloov pauv. Kev hloov pauv kev txhais lus sib txawv tshwm sim feem ntau hauv RER thaum kev hloov pauv tom qab kev txhais lus tshwm sim hauv cov kab mob sib txawv xws li RER, Golgi, endosomes, lysosomes thiab secretory vesicles.
Ntxiv mus, kev cai ntawm kev txhais lus, protein folding thiab ua, myristoylation, prenylation thiab palmitoylation yog ob peb co-translational modifications thaum phosphorylation, glycosylation, ubiquitination, nitrosylation, methylation, acetylation, lipidation thiab proteolysis yog ob peb post-translational modification.
Hauv qab no yog cov ntsiab lus ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm kev sib koom ua ke thiab kev hloov pauv hloov pauv hauv daim ntawv tabular.
Summary – Co vs Post Translational Modification
Kev hloov pauv cov protein yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tsim cov qauv protein ruaj khov thiab thaum kawg tsim nyog ua haujlwm. Co thiab kev hloov pauv tom qab kev txhais lus yog ob qho kev hloov pauv protein. Co-translational modifications tshwm sim thaum lub sij hawm txhais lus. Cov kev hloov kho no tshwm sim hauv qhov ntxhib endoplasmic reticulum. Tab sis, tom qab kev hloov pauv hloov pauv tshwm sim tom qab kev txhais lus lossis biosynthesis ntawm cov protein. Lawv muaj nyob rau hauv ntau yam cell organelles xws li, RER, Golgi lub cev, lysosomes, endosomes thiab secretory vesicles, thiab lwm yam. Yog li, cov no yog qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm kev sib koom ua ke thiab kev hloov pauv tom qab kev hloov pauv.
