Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov kab thiab cov tsis muaj kab sib txuas yog cov kab hluav taws xob muaj cov qauv tshuaj uas yog nyob rau hauv txoj kab ncaj nraim whereas nonlinear molecules muaj zig-zag lossis cross-linked chemical qauv.
Tag nrho cov molecules peb paub tuaj yeem muab faib ua ob hom li linear molecules thiab nonlinear molecules nyob ntawm cov duab ntawm cov molecule. Yog hais tias cov qauv tshuaj ntawm ib lub molecule muaj linear geometry, uas zoo nkaus li yog ib txoj kab ncaj nraim, ces nws yog linear molecule. Tag nrho lwm cov molecules yog categorized li nonlinear molecules.
Linear Molecules yog dab tsi?
Linear molecules yog cov tebchaw uas muaj cov kab geometry. Qhov ntawd txhais tau tias; cov linear molecules no muaj lawv cov atomic connectivity nyob rau hauv ib txoj kab ncaj nraim. Tag nrho cov atoms nyob rau hauv lub molecule yog teem nyob rau hauv ib tug zoo meej kab.
Daim duab 01: Linear Geometry
Hauv kab geometry, feem ntau muaj peb lub atoms hauv lub molecule - lub hauv paus atom yog sib koom ua ke rau ob lub atoms ntawm covalent bonds. Ob lub atoms nyob rau sab nraud ntawm cov molecule no hu ua ligands khi rau qhov chaw. Lub kaum sab xis ntawm lub linear molecule yog 180 °.
Thaum xav txog cov organic tebchaw uas muaj cov kab geometry, muaj cov pa roj carbon atom ntawm qhov nruab nrab ntawm cov molecule, thiab cov ligands khi nrog cov pa roj carbon atom ntawm ob lossis triple bonds. Ntawm no, lub hauv paus atom muaj sp hybridization ntawm atomic orbitals-E.g. acetylene. Ntxiv rau cov no, muaj cov kab sib txuas inorganic zoo li; Piv txwv li, carbon dioxide, hydrogen cyanide, thiab lwm yam.
Nonlinear Molecules yog dab tsi?
Nonlinear molecules yog cov tebchaw uas muaj geometry uas tsis yog linear geometry. Qhov ntawd txhais tau tias; cov molecules tsis yog linear, thiab lawv cov atoms tsis tau teem rau hauv ib txoj kab ncaj nraim. Cov duab ntawm cov molecules nyob ntawm qhov sib xyaw ntawm cov atomic orbitals ntawm cov atoms hauv cov molecule. Qee qhov ua tau zoo yog V-shaped molecules, angular, trigonal planar, tetragonal molecules, pyramidal molecules, thiab lwm yam
Daim duab 02: Nonlinear Molecules
Thaum xav txog cov molecules complex xws li polymers, lawv kuj tuaj yeem yog linear lossis nonlinear. Feem ntau ntawm cov nonlinear polymers yog branched los yog cross-linked polymers. Branched polymers muaj cov pab pawg sab lossis pawg pendant txuas nrog rau txoj kab ncaj nraim ntawm atoms. Cross-linked polymers muaj kev sib txuas ntawm cov kab ncaj nraim ntawm cov saw hlau, tsim cov qauv sib txuas.
Qhov txawv ntawm Kab thiab Nonlinear Molecules yog dab tsi?
Tag nrho cov molecules peb paub tuaj yeem muab faib ua ob hom li linear molecules thiab nonlinear molecules nyob ntawm cov duab ntawm cov molecule. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm linear thiab nonlinear molecules yog linear molecules muaj cov qauv tshuaj uas yog nyob rau hauv ib txoj kab ncaj nraim whereas nonlinear molecules muaj zig-zag los yog cross-linked chemical qauv.
Acetylene, carbon dioxide, hydrogen cyanide, thiab lwm yam yog ib co piv txwv ntawm linear molecules whereas branched thiab cross-linked polymers xws li vulcanized roj hmab yog cov piv txwv ntawm nonlinear molecules.
Cov lus hauv qab no qhia txog qhov sib txawv ntawm cov kab thiab nonlinear molecules.
Summary – Linear vs Nonlinear Molecules
Tag nrho cov molecules peb paub tuaj yeem muab faib ua ob hom li linear molecules thiab nonlinear molecules nyob ntawm cov duab ntawm cov molecule. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm linear thiab nonlinear molecules yog linear molecules muaj cov qauv tshuaj uas yog nyob rau hauv ib txoj kab ncaj nraim whereas nonlinear molecules muaj zig-zag los yog cross-linked chemical qauv.
