Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm Saytzeff thiab Hofmann txoj cai yog txoj cai Saytzeff qhia tias cov khoom hloov pauv feem ntau yog cov khoom ruaj khov tshaj plaws, hos Hofmann txoj cai qhia tias cov khoom hloov tsawg tshaj plaws yog cov khoom ruaj khov tshaj plaws.
Saytzeff txoj cai thiab Hofmann txoj cai tseem ceeb heev hauv kev kwv yees qhov kawg ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kev tshem tawm cov organic. Cov kev cai no tuaj yeem qhia qhov xwm txheej ntawm cov khoom kawg ntawm ib qho tshuaj lom neeg cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, raws li kev hloov pauv ntawm cov khoom kawg, xws li. feem ntau hloov lossis hloov yam khoom tsawg kawg.
Txoj Cai Saytzeff yog dab tsi?
Saytzeff txoj cai yog txoj cai empirical uas txiav txim siab cov khoom kawg ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb raws li cov khoom hloov pauv tshaj plaws. Nws muaj npe feem ntau raws li Zaitsev txoj cai. Txoj cai no yog qhov tseem ceeb hauv kev kwv yees qhov hloov pauv ntawm cov khoom alken zaum kawg tau los ntawm kev tshem tawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Raws li cov pa roj carbon atom qhov twg ob daim ntawv cog lus tsim nyob rau hauv qhov kawg alkene cov khoom, peb tuaj yeem txhais txoj cai Saytzeff li "alkens uas tsim los ntawm kev tshem tawm cov hydrogen los ntawm beta-carbon uas muaj cov tshuaj hydrogen tsawg kawg nkaus". Yog li ntawd, cov khoom siv zaum kawg hloov pauv ntau tshaj plaws yog cov khoom lag luam loj ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, uas kuj hloov mus ua cov khoom ruaj khov tshaj plaws.
Piv txwv li, 2-iodobutane muaj ib pawg iodide ntawm cov pa roj carbon thib ob ntawm cov saw hlau. Thaum cov tshuaj no tau kho nrog cov kua qaub uas muaj zog xws li potassium hydroxide, peb tuaj yeem tau txais 2-butene li cov khoom loj thiab cov khoom me yog 1-butene. Ntawm no, cov pa roj carbon atom uas muaj tsawg tshaj plaws hydrogen substituents yog lub thib peb carbon atom; Yog li ntawd, kev tshem tawm ntawm hydrogen atom tshwm sim los ntawm cov pa roj carbon monoxide uas muab 2-butene. Thawj cov pa roj carbon atom muaj cov khoom siv hydrogen feem ntau; Yog li, tshem tawm hydrogen los ntawm thawj cov pa roj carbon atom tsim cov khoom me me 1-butene. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog raws li nram no:
Daim duab 01: Kev tshem tawm qhov tshwm sim uas tshwm sim raws li Saytzeff Txoj Cai
Hofmann Txoj Cai yog dab tsi?
Hofmann txoj cai yog txoj cai empirical uas txiav txim siab cov khoom kawg ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb raws li cov khoom siv tsawg tshaj plaws. Qhov ntawd txhais tau tias; tshuaj lom neeg cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshwm sim raws li txoj cai no yog tias feem ntau ntawm cov khoom kawg yog qhov tsawg tshaj plaws hloov olefin (alkene khoom). Raws li cov pa roj carbon atom uas ob daim ntawv cog lus tsim nyob rau hauv cov khoom alkene kawg, peb tuaj yeem txhais txoj cai Hofmann li "alkens uas tsim los ntawm kev tshem tawm cov hydrogen los ntawm alpha-carbon uas muaj cov khoom siv hydrogen feem ntau".
Cia peb saib ib qho piv txwv:
Daim duab 02: Kev tshwm sim tshwm sim raws li Hofmann Txoj Cai
Thaum lub sijhawm tsim cov quaternary ammonium thiab alkene los ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm tertiary amine thiab tshaj methyl iodide, qhov tsawg tshaj plaws hloov khoom ntawm alkene cov ntaub ntawv raws li cov khoom loj.
Qhov txawv ntawm Saytzeff thiab Hofmann Txoj Cai yog dab tsi?
Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm Saytzeff thiab Hofmann txoj cai yog txoj cai Saytzeff qhia tias cov khoom hloov pauv feem ntau yog cov khoom ruaj khov tshaj plaws, hos Hofmann txoj cai qhia tias cov khoom hloov tsawg tshaj plaws yog cov khoom ruaj khov tshaj plaws. Raws li txoj cai Saytzeff, feem ntau yog cov khoom hloov pauv ntau tshaj plaws, thaum raws li txoj cai Hofmann, feem ntau yog cov khoom hloov pauv tsawg tshaj plaws.
Cov infographic hauv qab no qhia txog qhov sib txawv ntawm Saytzeff thiab Hofmann Txoj Cai.
Summary – Saytzeff vs Hofmann Rule
Saytzeff txoj cai thiab Hofmann txoj cai tseem ceeb heev hauv kev kwv yees qhov kawg ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kev tshem tawm cov organic. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm Saytzeff thiab Hofmann txoj cai yog txoj cai Saytzeff qhia tias cov khoom hloov pauv feem ntau yog cov khoom ruaj khov tshaj plaws, hos Hofmann txoj cai qhia tias cov khoom hloov tsawg kawg yog cov khoom ruaj khov tshaj plaws.
