Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm polar thiab nonpolar cov kuab tshuaj yog qhov polar solvents dissolve polar compounds, whereas nonpolar solvents dissolve nonpolar compounds.
Lub polarity ntawm ib qho chaw hais txog cov khoom muaj cov ncej. Hauv chemistry, nws yog tus nqi sib cais hauv cov molecule uas muaj atoms lossis pawg ntawm atoms nrog cov electronegativity sib txawv. Yog li, nws ua rau ib nrab nqi zoo thiab ib nrab nqi tsis zoo nyob rau hauv tib lub compound.
Dab tsi yog Polar Solvents?
Polar cov kuab tshuaj yog cov kua uas muaj lub sijhawm dipole loj. Cov no yog cov kua uas tuaj yeem yaj cov polar compounds. Nws yog vim hais tias ob qho tib si polar solvents thiab polar compounds muaj dipole lub sij hawm thiab muaj oppositely them moieties nyob rau hauv tib cov tshuaj compound. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws moiety ntawm cov khoom sib xyaw tuaj yeem nyiam los ntawm qhov tsis zoo ntawm moiety ntawm cov kuab tshuaj molecule thiab vice versa, uas tuaj yeem ua rau tawg ntawm cov polar compound hauv cov polar hnyav.
Lub polarity ntawm cov kuab tshuaj tshwm sim vim kev sib txuas ntawm cov atoms nrog qhov sib txawv electronegativity qhov tseem ceeb los tsim cov molecule. Ntawm no, qhov ntau electronegative atom attracts daim ntawv cog lus electron khub, uas nws thiaj li muab qhov tsawg electronegative atom ib feem zoo nqi vim txo cov electron ceev nyob ib ncig ntawm nws tus kheej. Ntawm qhov tod tes, qhov ntau electronegative atom tau txais ib feem tsis zoo nqi txij li lub electron ceev nyob ib ncig ntawm no atom nce.
Qhov piv txwv feem ntau ntawm cov kuab tshuaj polar yog dej. Ib qho dej molecule muaj ob daim ntawv O-H. Qhov sib txawv hauv electronegativity ntawm oxygen atom thiab hydrogen atom yog qhov siab heev. Yog li ntawd, nws yog ib tug polar covalent daim ntawv cog lus. Cov pa oxygen atom yog electronegative ntau dua. Li no, cov pa atom tau txais ib feem tsis zoo nqi thaum ob lub hydrogen atoms tau txais ib feem zoo xwb.
Daim duab 01: Dej yog lub ntsiab lus Polar
Tsis tas li ntawd, peb tuaj yeem faib cov polar solvents ua ob pawg ua cov kuab tshuaj polar protic thiab polar aprotic cov kuab tshuaj. Cov kuab tshuaj polar protic muaj labile H+ ions. Qhov no txhais tau tias cov molecules ntawm cov kuab tshuaj no tuaj yeem pub hydrogen atoms. Txawm li cas los xij, cov kuab tshuaj polar aprotic tsis tuaj yeem pub hydrogen atoms.
Nonpolar Solvents yog dab tsi?
Nonpolar cov kuab tshuaj yog cov kua uas tsis muaj lub sijhawm dipole. Yog li ntawd, cov kuab tshuaj no tsis muaj ib nrab nqi zoo lossis tsis zoo. Vim li no, cov kuab tshuaj no tsis tuaj yeem yaj cov polar compounds vim tias tsis muaj cov nqi sib txawv los nyiam cov polar compound.
Daim duab 02: Hexane yog ib qho tsis muaj polar solvent
Nonpolar cov kuab tshuaj tuaj yeem yaj cov tshuaj tsis muaj polar los ntawm kev nyiam, xws li Van der Waal rog. Qee qhov piv txwv ntawm cov kuab tshuaj tsis muaj polar xws li pentane, hexane, benzene, toluene, thiab lwm yam.
Qhov txawv ntawm Polar thiab Nonpolar Solvents yog dab tsi?
Peb tuaj yeem faib cov kuab tshuaj ua ob pawg ua cov kuab tshuaj polar thiab cov kuab tshuaj tsis muaj polar. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm polar thiab nonpolar cov kuab tshuaj yog qhov polar solvents dissolve polar compounds, whereas nonpolar solvents dissolve nonpolar compounds. Tsis tas li ntawd, lwm qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov polar thiab nonpolar cov kuab tshuaj yog cov polar solvents muaj lub sijhawm dipole siab, thaum cov kuab tshuaj nonpolar tsis muaj lub sijhawm dipole. Ib qho piv txwv ntawm cov kuab tshuaj polar yog dej. Qee qhov piv txwv ntawm cov kuab tshuaj tsis muaj polar xws li pentane, hexane, benzene, toluene, thiab lwm yam.
Ntxiv mus, cov kuab tshuaj polar muaj cov molecules nrog cov ntawv cog lus polar (cov ntawv cog lus no qhia txog hluav taws xob sib cais vim qhov sib txawv ntawm electronegativity ntawm atoms hauv daim ntawv cog lus). Nonpolar cov kuab tshuaj muaj cov molecules uas muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ua los ntawm cov atoms uas muaj ze li qhov zoo sib xws ntawm electronegativity.
Summary – Polar vs. Nonpolar Solvents
Peb tuaj yeem faib cov kuab tshuaj feem ntau ua ob pawg ua cov kuab tshuaj polar thiab cov kuab tshuaj tsis muaj polar. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm polar thiab nonpolar cov kuab tshuaj yog qhov polar solvents dissolve polar compounds, whereas nonpolar solvents dissolve nonpolar compounds.
