Qhov Tseem Ceeb Qhov Sib Txawv - Txhim Kho vs Tus Txhawb Nqa
Cov noob yog cov hauv paus ntawm cov noob caj noob ces uas muaj cov kab ke tshwj xeeb ntawm DNA. Lawv muaj cov ntaub ntawv rau kev sib txuas ntawm cov protein ua haujlwm uas tsim nyog rau txhua txoj haujlwm uas tshwm sim hauv cov kabmob muaj sia. Kev hloov pauv ntawm cov ntaub ntawv khaws cia hauv cov noob rau hauv cov protein yog hu ua gene qhia, thiab nws yog txheej txheem nyuaj. Gene qhia tshwm sim hauv ob kauj ruam tseem ceeb; transcription thiab translation. Ib lub noob muaj ntau qhov sib txawv xws li coding sequences, non-coding sequences thiab regulatory sequences. Gene qhia yog tswj hwm los ntawm kev tswj hwm ib ntus nyob ze ntawm cov noob thiab me ntsis deb ntawm cov noob. Tus txhawb nqa yog ib hom kev tswj hwm ib ntus nyob ib sab ntawm qhov chaw ntawm kev pib hloov pauv ntawm cov noob. Tus neeg txhawb nqa yog nyob rau ntawm 5 'kawg ntawm chav transcriptional (sau ntawm qhov kev nkag siab strand), thiab nws yog thaj av uas RNA polymerase enzyme khi. Qhov kev txhim kho yog lwm hom kev tswj hwm ib ntus uas ua rau muaj kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev txhawb nqa ntawm cov noob. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm kev txhim kho thiab kev txhawb nqa yog tias tus neeg txhawb nqa yuav tsum nrhiav cov dej ntws thiab nyob ze ntawm qhov chaw ntawm qhov pib hloov pauv thaum lub zog tuaj yeem nrhiav tau nyob rau sab saud lossis nqes dej thiab txhua qhov chaw nyob ib puag ncig ntawm cov noob.
Kev Txhim Kho yog dab tsi?
Qhov kev txhim kho yog qhov luv DNA ntu uas cuam tshuam rau kev hloov pauv ntawm cov noob tshwj xeeb. Lub enhancer tuaj yeem hloov tus nqi ntawm cov ntawv sau. Nws tuaj yeem pom nyob ib puag ncig ntawm cov noob. Nws tsis yog qhov tsim nyog rau nws mus rau qhov chaw ze rau qhov chaw hloov pauv ntawm cov noob. Enhancers feem ntau cuam tshuam cov kev ua ntawm kev txhawb nqa ntawm cov noob. Lawv ib txwm cuam tshuam nrog cov neeg txhawb nqa hauv kev tswj hwm noob.
Daim duab 01: Txhim kho
Txhim kho thiab txhawb nqa tsis tuaj yeem tswj hwm kev hloov pauv ntawm cov noob uas nyob ntawm lwm cov chromosomes. Enhancers tuaj yeem txo qis lossis nce kev hloov pauv ntawm cov hom phiaj. Lawv ua haujlwm raws li txoj haujlwm ywj pheej. Lawv yog nyob rau sab sauv los yog downstream nyob rau hauv lub gene. Enhancers tuaj yeem nrhiav tau txawm tias nyob rau hauv lub introns ntawm cov noob.
Tus Promoter yog dab tsi?
Promoter yog ib ntu ntawm DNA uas nyob ze ntawm qhov chaw ntawm kev pib hloov pauv ntawm cov noob. Nws ua haujlwm raws li qhov chaw khi rau RNA polymerase enzyme. RNA polymerase yog lub enzyme uas catalyses transcription ntawm cov noob. Promoter yeej ib txwm nyob ze rau ntawm chav transcriptional ntawm cov noob. Kev txhawb nqa muaj cov DNA tshwj xeeb uas ua kom muaj kev sib txuas tshwj xeeb ntawm RNA polymerase ntawm qhov chaw sib khi kom raug rau qhov tseeb ntawm cov ntaub ntawv transcriptional unit. Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm cheeb tsam txhawb nqa yog cov tseem ceeb txhawb nqa thiab cov txheej txheem tswj hwm. Cov kev hloov pauv hloov pauv ua qhov kev xaiv ntawm RNA polymerase. Cov yam tseem ceeb no muaj cov activator thiab repressor ib ntus los txuas rau hauv cheeb tsam txhawb nqa thiab tswj cov ntawv sau.
Daim duab 02: Tus Txhawb Nqa
Eukaryotic cov neeg txhawb nqa muaj qhov kev khaws cia ua ntu zus hu ua TATA lub thawv uas nyob ntawm 25 txog 35 lub hauv paus khub nyob rau ntawm qhov chaw pib sau ntawv. Kev txhawb nqa ib ntus tuaj yeem muaj 100 txog 1000 lub hauv paus khub.
Dab tsi yog qhov zoo sib xws ntawm Kev Txhim Kho thiab Txhawb Nqa?
- Txhim kho thiab txhawb nqa yog cov kev tswj hwm ntawm cov noob.
- Ob leeg pab txhawb kev tswj cov noob caj noob ces.
- Ob leeg yog nucleotide sequences.
- Ob leeg tseem ceeb hauv kev tsim cov protein.
- Ob leeg txhim kho thiab txhawb nqa yog cis-kev ua yeeb yam. Ob leeg tsis tuaj yeem tswj hwm cov noob qhia ntawm cov noob nyob hauv lwm cov chromosomes.
Qhov txawv ntawm Kev Txhim Kho thiab Txhawb Nqa yog dab tsi?
Ntxhais vs Promoter |
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| Enhancer yog luv luv nucleotide ntu ntawm DNA uas tuaj yeem cuam tshuam tus nqi ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm cov noob los ntawm kev cuam tshuam nrog tus txhawb nqa ntawm cov noob. | Txhawb nqa yog ib ntu ntawm DNA nyob rau sab saud mus rau chav hloov pauv ntawm cov noob uas pab txhawb kev khi ntawm RNA polymerase thiab pib ua cov ntawv sau. |
| Muaj nuj nqi | |
| Enhancer nce kev ua haujlwm ntawm tus txhawb nqa yog li ua kom cov noob qhia. | Txoj kev txhawb nqa pib qhov kev hloov pauv los ntawm kev txhawb nqa RNA polymerase los khi thiab ua kom cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. |
| Kev Ua Haujlwm | |
| Txhim kho ua haujlwm txawm hais tias qhov kev hloov pauv hloov pauv hloov pauv li cas, txawm tias nyob hauv tib qho lossis qhov sib txawv. | Tus txhawb nqa ua haujlwm hauv tib qhov kev hloov pauv hloov pauv. |
| Chaw | |
| Txhim kho tuaj yeem nrhiav qhov twg hauv ib puag ncig ntawm cov noob. Nws tuaj yeem nyob tau ob peb kilo hauv paus khub deb ntawm cov noob ib yam nkaus. | Txoj kev txhawb nqa ib txwm nyob ze ntawm qhov chaw pib hloov pauv. |
| Gene Expression | |
| Txhim kho tuaj yeem cuam tshuam lossis txhim kho cov kev qhia gene. | Txoj kev txhawb nqa ib txwm pib ua cov noob qhia. |
| Txoj haujlwm ntawm txoj haujlwm | |
| Txhim kho ua haujlwm raws li txoj haujlwm ywj pheej. | Tus txhawb nqa ua haujlwm nyob rau hauv txoj haujlwm. |
Summary – Enhancer vs Promoter
Txhim kho thiab txhawb nqa yog cov DNA tshwj xeeb uas cuam tshuam nrog cov noob caj noob ces thiab kev qhia cov noob caj noob ces. Lawv yog cov cis ua yeeb yam. Cov neeg txhawb nqa tuaj yeem nce lossis txo cov haujlwm ntawm cheeb tsam txhawb nqa. Kev txhawb nqa yog qhov tshwj xeeb kev tswj hwm DNA ib ntus nyob rau ntawm 5 'kawg ntawm chav hloov pauv uas pib hloov pauv ntawm cov noob. Cov neeg txhawb nqa thiab cov neeg txhawb nqa sib cuam tshuam nrog ib leeg thaum lub sijhawm qhia cov noob. Cov neeg txhawb nqa yeej ib txwm nyob rau sab saud mus rau chav hloov pauv. Enhancers tuaj yeem nrhiav cov dej ntws los yog nqes mus rau qhov coding strand. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov cuab yeej txhawb nqa tuaj yeem nrhiav tau nyob ib puag ncig ntawm cov noob tab sis tsis nyob ib sab mus rau chav transcriptional. Promoters thiab enhancers tswj cov genes. Lawv tsis tuaj yeem tswj hwm cov noob nyob ntawm lwm cov chromosomes. Qhov no yog qhov txawv ntawm Enhancer thiab Promoter.
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Koj tuaj yeem rub tawm PDF version ntawm kab lus no thiab siv nws rau offline lub hom phiaj raws li daim ntawv ceeb toom. Thov rub tawm PDF version ntawm no Qhov txawv Ntawm Kev Txhim Kho thiab Txhawb Nqa
