Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm kev sib tw thiab tsis sib tw ELISA yog qhov sib tw ELISA siv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv antigen thaum tsis sib tw ELISA tsis siv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv antigen rau kev soj ntsuam.
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) yog ib qho tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob uas kuaj pom ntau lub hom phiaj xws li tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, antigens, cov protein, thiab glycoproteins. Nws yog ib txoj hauv kev sai thiab yooj yim los ua. Yog li ntawd, nws yog feem ntau siv rau kev tshawb fawb thiab kuaj lub hom phiaj. ELISA suav nrog kev siv cov enzymes thiab kev khi tshwj xeeb ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob thiab antigen. Raws li qhov kev tshwm sim tshwm sim, muaj plaub hom ELISA: ncaj qha ELISA, tsis ncaj ELISA, qhaub cij ELISA, thiab inhibition ELISA. Direct, indirect thiab qhaub cij ELISA yog hom tsis sib tw ELISA thaum inhibition ELISA yog hom ELISA ua tiav. Lub hom phiaj tseem ceeb ntawm tsab xov xwm no yog los tham txog qhov sib txawv ntawm kev sib tw thiab tsis sib tw ELISA.
Kev sib tw ELISA yog dab tsi?
Kev sib tw ELISA ntsuas cov antigen concentration hauv cov qauv los ntawm kev kuaj pom cov teeb liab cuam tshuam. Ntawm no, qhov kev ntsuam xyuas siv ib qho inhibitor antigen. Li no, nws yog ib hom inhibition ELISA. Thaum cov txheej txheem no, cov antigens uas muaj nyob rau hauv cov qauv sib tw nrog cov xaiv siv antigen rau kev khi rau ib qho tshwj xeeb ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov txheej txheem no pib nrog kev tsim cov qauv, nrog rau ntau tshaj ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj antigen yuav tsum tau ua ntej-coated rau ntawm ntau lub phaj zoo. Tom qab ntawd cov qauv sib xyaw yuav tsum muab ntxiv rau hauv daim ntawv tshuaj ntsuam xyuas uas muaj cov tshuaj siv antigen. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv dawb yuav khi rau cov ntaub ntawv siv antigen nyob ntawm seb muaj pes tsawg tus antigen hauv cov qauv. Yog li ntawd, yog tias muaj cov qauv antigen ntau dua, yuav kuaj pom cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tsawg dua. Yog li, nws tsim lub teeb liab tsis muaj zog.
Daim duab 01: ELISA
Hauv qhov sib piv, thaum tus qauv muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tsawg dua, ntau thiab ntau cov ntaub ntawv siv antigen yuav tuav cov tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab muab cov teeb liab muaj zog. Txij li kev sib tw ELISA muab lub teeb liab muaj zog dua thaum cov qauv muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tsawg, ELISA kev sib tw yog qhov kev ntsuam xyuas rhiab heev, txawm tias rau cov qauv uas muaj pes tsawg tus antigens.
Nyob hauv qee cov khoom siv ELISA sib tw, ib daim ntawv lo antigen yog siv es tsis txhob sau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob. Ntawm no, cov ntawv sau npe antigen thiab cov qauv antigen yuav sib tw rau kev khi rau thawj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Ib yam li ntawd, thaum tus nqi ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hauv cov qauv qis, tus nqi ntawm cov cim npe antigen uas khi rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yuav siab dua thiab tsim cov teeb liab muaj zog.
ELISA Tsis muaj kev sib tw yog dab tsi?
Ntawm plaub hom ELISA, peb hom yog ELISA tsis sib tw. Lawv yog ELISA ncaj qha, tsis ncaj ELISA, thiab qhaub cij ELISA. Tag nrho peb hom ntawv ua haujlwm raws li lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm ELISA nrog qhov sib txawv me ntsis hauv lawv cov txheej txheem.
Direct ELISA siv cov enzyme sau npe thawj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Li no, nws tsis tas yuav muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob thib ob. Yog li, ncaj qha ELISA sai dua li lwm hom ELISA. Thawj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob yuav txuas ncaj qha rau lub hom phiaj immobilized antigen uas muaj nyob rau hauv phaj. Li no, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv enzyme-substrate yuav tshwm sim, ua kom pom cov teeb liab.
Daim duab 02: Sandwich ELISA
Tsis zoo li ELISA ncaj qha, tsis ncaj ELISA siv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob uas tsis muaj npe thiab cov enzyme uas sau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob thib ob. Thaum thawj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv khi rau cov immobilized antigen, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv thib ob khi rau thawj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Lub enzyme nyob rau hauv lub thib ob antibody yuav hnov mob nrog cov antigen thiab tsim ib tug pom teeb liab. Sandwich ELISA txawv rau ob qho tib si ncaj qha thiab tsis ncaj ELISA. Ntawm no, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog immobilized rau ntawm phab ntsa ntawm daim ntawv ntsuam xyuas.
Dab tsi yog qhov zoo sib xws ntawm kev sib tw thiab tsis sib tw ELISA?
- Kev sib tw thiab tsis sib tw ELISA yog ob hom kev ntsuas tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob.
- Lawv yog cov txheej txheem hloov tau yooj yim thiab rhiab heev.
- Tsis tas li ntawd, ob qho tib si sib tw thiab tsis sib tw ELISA yog cov enzyme-txuas immunoassays.
- Tsis tas li, ob txoj hauv kev tsim cov teeb liab vim yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv enzyme-substrate.
Qhov txawv ntawm ELISA kev sib tw thiab tsis sib tw yog dab tsi?
Kev sib tw ELISA yog hom ELISA uas tso siab rau kev ua tiav ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv antigen thiab sau npe antigen rau qee cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb. Ntawm qhov tod tes, tsis muaj qhov kev sib tw no tshwm sim ntawm antigen ntawm kev txaus siab thiab siv antigen hauv ELISA tsis sib tw. Yog li, qhov no yog qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm kev sib tw thiab tsis sib tw ELISA. Ib yam li ntawd, kev sib tw ELISA yog qhov inhibition ELISA thaum tsis sib tw ELISA tsis yog inhibition ELISA. Yog li, qhov no kuj yog qhov sib txawv ntawm kev sib tw thiab tsis sib tw ELISA.
Ntxiv mus, kev sib tw ELISA yog qhov tsim nyog los ntsuas tus nqi qis ntawm antigen ntawm kev txaus siab. Nws yog ib txoj kev rhiab heev. Ntawm qhov tod tes, tsis muaj kev sib tw ELISA tsis nyob ntawm seb muaj pes tsawg tus antigens nyob hauv ib qho qauv. Yog li, qhov no kuj yog qhov sib txawv ntawm kev sib tw thiab tsis sib tw ELISA.
Hauv qab infographic piav qhia qhov sib txawv ntawm kev sib tw thiab tsis sib tw ELISA piv.
Summary – Competitive vs Noncompetitive ELISA
Kev sib tw thiab tsis sib tw ELISA yog ob hom loj ntawm ELISA lossis enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Hauv kev hais txog qhov sib txawv ntawm kev sib tw thiab tsis sib tw ELISA, kev sib tw ELISA tso siab rau kev sib tw ntawm antigen ntawm kev txaus siab thiab siv cov tshuaj antigen rau qhov txwv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Yog li ntawd, kev sib tw ELISA kuj muaj npe hu ua inhibition ELISA. Ntawm qhov tod tes, tsis muaj kev sib tw ELISA tsis tso siab rau kev sib tw ntawm lub hom phiaj antigens thiab siv antigens. Nws siv ntau tshaj ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshwj xeeb rau cov tshuaj ntsuam xyuas kev txaus siab. Yog li, qhov no yog qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm kev sib tw thiab tsis sib tw ELISA. Direct ELISA, indirect ELISA, thiab qhaub cij ELISA yog peb hom tseem ceeb ntawm ELISA tsis sib tw.
