Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm thawj thib ob thiab thib peb txoj kev hloov pauv yog qhov sab nraud d orbital ntawm thawj qhov kev hloov pauv cov ntsiab lus yog 3d thaum lub sab nrauv d orbital thib ob hloov pauv yog 4d thiab sab nraud d orbital hauv peb txoj kev hloov pauv yog 5d.
Ib txoj kev hloov hlau yog ib qho tshuaj lom neeg uas muaj ib feem ntawm d orbital. Nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm lub sij hawm ntawm lub ntsiab lus, muaj peb series ntawm kev hloov cov ntsiab lus; peb npe lawv ua thawj, thib ob thiab thib peb hloov pauv series. Cov no yog cov ntsiab lus tshuaj ntawm peb lub sijhawm sib txawv hauv lub sijhawm teem sijhawm. Yog li ntawd, lawv muaj qhov sib txawv sab nraud orbitals.
Dab tsi yog Thawj Kev Hloov Pauv Series?
Thawj qhov kev hloov pauv yog cov npe ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg xws li Scandium mus rau tooj liab. Peb kuj tuaj yeem piav qhia lawv li thawj kab kev hloov pauv hlau vim tias cov no yog cov hlau suav nrog hauv thawj lub sijhawm ntawm d block, uas muaj cov hlau hloov pauv. Yog li ntawd, thaum xav txog kev teeb tsa hluav taws xob ntawm cov khoom no, tag nrho cov ntsiab lus no muaj 3d thiab 4s electrons. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias sab nraud d orbitals ntawm cov ntsiab lus no yog 3d orbitals. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov koob no muaj tag nrho Argon electron configuration nrog 3d thiab 4s electrons.
Daim duab 01: Lub Sij Hawm Lub Sijhawm
Tshuaj lom neeg hauv thawj qhov kev hloov pauv
Cov npe ntawm cov tshuaj hauv cov koob no yog raws li hauv qab no:
- Scandium
- YTitanium
- Vanadium
- Chromium
- Manganese
- Iron
- Cob alt
- Nickel
- Copper
Dab tsi yog Qhov Kev Hloov Pauv Thib Ob?
Thib ob txoj kev hloov pauv yog cov npe tshuaj lom neeg xws li Yttrium rau nyiaj. Peb tuaj yeem muab lawv lub npe ua ob-kab hloov pauv hlau zoo li vim tias lawv nyob rau lub sijhawm thib ob ntawm d block thiab lawv yog hlau. Cov kev teeb tsa hluav taws xob ntawm cov khoom no muaj 4d thiab 5s orbitals; Yog li ntawd, lub sab nrauv d orbitals yog 4d orbitals. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov koob no muaj qhov ua tiav Krypton electron configuration nrog 4d thiab 5s electrons. Cov tswv cuab ntawm cov npe no yog raws li nram no:
Tshuaj Chemical nyob rau hauv Txoj Kev Hloov Thib Ob
- Yttrium
- Zirconium
- Nyobium
- Molybdenum
- Technetium
- Ruthenium
- Rhodium
- Palladium
- Silver
Dab tsi yog Txoj Kev Hloov Thib Peb?
Thib peb txoj kev hloov pauv yog cov npe tshuaj lom neeg xws li Hafnium mus rau kub, ntxiv rau Lanthanum. Cov no yog nyob rau lub sijhawm thib peb ntawm d block, thiab nws kuj muaj thawj tus tswv cuab ntawm lanthanide series (Lanthanum) ib yam nkaus vim tias qhov kev hloov pauv thib peb series thiab Lanthanum muaj 5d thiab 6s electron orbitals hauv lawv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov koob no muaj qhov ua tiav Xenon electron configuration nrog 5d thiab 6s electrons.
Daim duab 02: Ionizing zog ntawm Thawj, Thib Ob thiab Thib Peb Hloov Cov Ntsiab Lus
Tshuaj Chemical nyob rau hauv Thib Peb Hloov Series
- Lanthanum
- Hafnium
- Tantalum
- Tungsten
- Rhenium
- Osmium
- Indium
- Platinum
- kub
Dab tsi yog qhov txawv ntawm Thawj Thib Ob thiab Thib Peb Kev Hloov Pauv?
Nyob rau hauv cov lus ntu ntu ntawm cov ntsiab lus, muaj peb txoj kev hloov pauv peb lub npe ua thawj, thib ob thiab thib peb txoj kev hloov pauv. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm thawj thib ob thiab thib peb txoj kev hloov pauv yog qhov sab nraud d orbital ntawm thawj qhov kev hloov pauv cov ntsiab lus yog 3d thaum lub sab nraud d orbital ntawm qhov kev hloov pauv thib ob yog 4d thiab sab nraud d orbital ntawm peb txoj kev hloov pauv yog 5d.
Ntxiv mus, thawj qhov kev hloov pauv yog cov npe ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg xws li Scandium mus rau tooj liab. Qhov thib ob txoj kev hloov pauv yog cov npe ntawm cov khoom siv tshuaj xws li Yttrium mus rau nyiaj, thaum lub sijhawm hloov thib peb yog cov npe ntawm cov tshuaj xws li Hafnium mus rau kub, ntxiv rau Lanthanum. Ntawm cov peb series no, qhov thib ob thiab thib peb kev hloov pauv series muaj cov khoom zoo sib xws, uas txawv qhov txawv ntawm cov khoom ntawm thawj qhov kev hloov pauv.
Tsis tas li ntawd, cov ntsiab lus ntawm thawj qhov kev hloov pauv muaj qhov ua tiav Argon electron teeb tsa nrog 3d thiab 4s electrons. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov kev hloov pauv thib ob muaj qhov ua tiav Krypton electron teeb tsa nrog 4d thiab 5s electrons. Lub caij no, cov ntsiab lus ntawm qhov kev hloov pauv thib peb muaj qhov ua tiav Xenon electron teeb tsa nrog 5d thiab 6s electrons. Yog li, qhov no kuj yog qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm thawj thib ob thiab thib peb kev hloov pauv series.
Summary – Thawj vs Thib Ob vs Thib Peb Hloov Series
Nyob rau hauv lub sij hawm ntawm lub ntsiab lus, muaj peb series ntawm kev hloov cov ntsiab lus; peb npe lawv ua thawj, thib ob thiab thib peb hloov pauv series. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm thawj thib ob thiab thib peb txoj kev hloov pauv yog qhov sab nraud d orbital ntawm thawj qhov kev hloov pauv cov ntsiab lus yog 3d thaum lub sab nraud d orbital ntawm qhov kev hloov pauv thib ob yog 4d thiab sab nraud d orbital ntawm peb txoj kev hloov pauv yog 5d.
