Qhov Tseem Ceeb Qhov Sib Txawv - Tus Kheej vs Induced Mutation
Kev hloov pauv raug xa mus raws li kev hloov pauv hauv DNA ib ntu ntawm cov kab mob uas yuav ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv phenotypic, txawm tias muaj txiaj ntsig lossis muaj teeb meem. Kev hloov pauv kuj tuaj yeem yog kev hloov pauv ntsiag to uas yuav tsis cuam tshuam rau phenotype. Kev hloov pauv tau ua rau muaj txiaj ntsig ntau rau evolution ntawm hom. Kev hloov pauv feem ntau yog muab faib ua ob pawg loj raws li qhov ua rau ntawm kev hloov pauv. Lawv yog Spontaneous Mutations thiab Induced Mutations. Spontaneous Mutations yog cov kev hloov pauv uas tsis tuaj yeem xav txog thiab tshwm sim vim qhov yuam kev hauv kev rov ua dua ntawm DNA. Induced mutations yog cov kev hloov pauv uas tshwm sim los ntawm kev paub lub cev, tshuaj lom neeg lossis tshuaj lom neeg. Cov kev hloov pauv no yog tshwm sim los ntawm kev raug rau cov neeg ua haujlwm no, ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv hauv DNA. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm qhov tshwm sim thiab qhov tshwm sim yog cov kab mob ua rau cov kev hloov pauv no. Yog li, kev hloov pauv tsis tu ncua yog qhov kev hloov pauv tsis tau hauv DNA tshwm sim vim qhov tsis raug ntawm kev rov ua dua, qhov uas, kev hloov pauv tau tshwm sim los ntawm lub cev, tshuaj lom neeg lossis tshuaj lom neeg.
Kev hloov pauv hloov pauv yog dab tsi?
Kev hloov pauv hloov pauv yog tshwm sim los ntawm qhov tsis yog kho qhov yuam kev uas tshwm sim thaum lub sijhawm DNA rov ua dua. Cov yuam kev no tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv ntawm nucleotide hauv paus lossis kev hloov pauv ntawm cov hauv paus. Kev hloov pauv ntawm cov hauv paus tshwm sim thaum purine (adenine) hloov los ntawm lwm lub hauv paus purine (guanine) lossis pyrimidine puag (thymine) hloov los ntawm lwm cov pyrimidine (cytosine). Kev hloov pauv ntawm cov hauv paus yog hais txog kev hloov pauv ntawm purine puag los ntawm pyrimidine puag thiab rov ua dua. Kev hloov pauv tsis tu ncua yog tshwm sim los ntawm cov tshuaj mutagens xws li intercalating agents, alkylate guanidine, nitric oxide thiab hluav taws xob hom xws li ionizing thiab non-ionizing hluav taws xob, thiab lwm yam. Tus nqi ntawm kev hloov pauv hloov pauv hloov sai sai, thiab cov kab mob tshwm sim los ntawm kev hloov pauv hloov pauv tshwm sim feem ntau tshwm sim los ntawm chromosomal aberrations los ntawm kev hloov pauv.
Nyob rau hauv kev hloov pauv hloov pauv, lub hauv paus ntawm kev hloov pauv tsis tau kwv yees lossis tsis paub. Yog li ntawd, kev txiav txim siab qhov ua rau kev hloov pauv tsis tuaj yeem ua tau. Qhov piv txwv sib tham tshaj plaws ntawm kev hloov pauv hloov pauv hloov pauv yog qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov kab mob qog ntshav hauv lub cev. Ntau tiam neeg, qhov ua rau ntawm kev hloov pauv uas ua rau mob qog nqaij hlav hauv hlwb tsis paub. Sickle cell anemia kuj tseem cuam tshuam nrog malaria tiv thaiv, qhov twg cov neeg mob uas muaj kab mob ntshav qab zib muaj txiaj ntsig zoo, tsis txhob kis tus kabmob malaria.
Ib qho kev hloov pauv yog dab tsi?
Induced mutations yog kev hloov pauv los ntawm cov neeg paub tshwj xeeb. Yog li ntawd, nyob rau hauv induced mutations, qhov ua rau ntawm kev hloov pauv tuaj yeem kwv yees. Cov kev hloov pauv no tseem ua rau kev hloov pauv thiab hloov pauv ntawm cov hauv paus. Qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev hloov pauv yog nyob ntawm qhov koob tshuaj ntawm kev hloov pauv thiab qhov zaus ntawm kev cuam tshuam ncaj qha lossis tsis ncaj qha rau mutagen. Yog li ntawd, cov tib neeg uas raug mutagens feem ntau yog feem ntau ua rau kev hloov pauv. Yog li, cov neeg ua haujlwm uas cuam tshuam nrog cov tshuaj phem thiab cov hlau hnyav, hom hluav taws xob xws li x - rays yog qhov ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv ntau dua.
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Cov kev hloov pauv no tuaj yeem tiv thaiv los ntawm kev tsim kev paub txog mutagens yog los ntawm kev siv kev tiv thaiv kev nyab xeeb kom raug thaum tuav cov mutagens. Cov qauv piv txwv ntawm kev hloov pauv tau muaj xws li qog nqaij hlav ntawm daim tawv nqaij vim raug hluav taws xob tas li thiab kab mob raum vim raug cov hlau hnyav.
Dab tsi yog qhov zoo sib xws ntawm Kev Hloov Pauv thiab Kev Hloov Pauv?
- Txhua qhov kev hloov pauv hloov pauv tau tshwm sim ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv hauv DNA ua ntu zus los ntawm kev hloov pauv lossis hloov pauv.
- Txhua yam kev hloov pauv hloov pauv tau tshwm sim los ntawm mutagens xws li tshuaj lom neeg, lub cev lossis tshuaj lom neeg.
- Txhua qhov kev hloov pauv hloov pauv hloov pauv yuav ua rau muaj kev phom sij, muaj txiaj ntsig lossis tsis muaj txiaj ntsig raws li qhov cuam tshuam ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm DNA ntu.
- Nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si Spontaneous thiab Induced mutations, koob tshuaj thiab zaus ntawm mutagen plays lub luag hauj lwm tseem ceeb.
- Ob qho tib si Spontaneous thiab Induced mutations tuaj yeem tshawb pom los ntawm kev siv cov tswv yim molecular xws li polymerase saw tshuaj tiv thaiv txoj kev, thiab lwm yam.
Dab tsi yog qhov sib txawv ntawm Kev Ua Raws Li Kev Hloov Pauv thiab Kev Hloov Pauv?
Ntseeg vs Induced Mutation |
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| Kev hloov pauv hloov pauv yog cov kev hloov pauv uas tsis tuaj yeem xav tau thiab tshwm sim feem ntau vim yog qhov yuam kev hauv kev rov ua dua ntawm DNA. | Induced mutations yog cov kev hloov pauv uas tshwm sim los ntawm lub cev, tshuaj lom neeg lossis tshuaj lom neeg. |
| Causative Agents | |
| Tsis paub yog vim li cas cuam tshuam los ntawm kev hloov pauv hloov pauv. | Cov neeg ua haujlwm paub tias muaj kev cuam tshuam los ntawm kev hloov pauv. |
| Kev mob tshwm sim | |
| Sickle cell anemia yog ib yam kab mob uas tshwm sim vim kev hloov pauv hloov pauv. | Cov kab mob kheesxaws tshwj xeeb xws li cov qog nqaij hlav ntawm daim tawv nqaij tshwm sim vim kev hloov pauv tau tshwm sim vim raug hluav taws xob tas li. |
Summary – Spontaneous vs Induced Mutation
Kev hloov pauv yog qhov hloov pauv hauv DNA ib ntus uas tuaj yeem ua tau qub txeeg qub teg yog tias lawv tshwm sim hauv chromosomes kev sib deev. Cov kab mob ua rau muaj kev hloov pauv yog hu ua mutagens, thiab lawv tuaj yeem yog tshuaj lom neeg, lub cev lossis lom. Nyob ntawm qhov kev kwv yees ntawm kev hloov pauv, lawv tau muab faib ua spontaneous thiab induced. Spontaneous mutations yog kev hloov pauv uas tshwm sim spontaneously thiab lub hauv paus ntawm mutagen tsis paub. Induced mutations yog tshwm sim los ntawm mutagens nyob rau hauv uas lub hauv paus paub. Qhov no yog qhov txawv ntawm qhov tshwm sim ntawm qhov tshwm sim thiab kev hloov pauv.
