Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm plasmid thiab vector yog tias plasmid yog ib hom vector thiab yog ib ncig, ob npaug-stranded ntxiv-chromosomal DNA molecule ntawm qee hom kab mob thaum vector yog tus kheej-replicating DNA molecule uas ua raws li ib tug kab mob. tsheb xa cov DNA txawv teb chaws mus rau hauv cov tswv tsev.
Genetic engineering yog qhov chaw tshiab ntawm Biotechnology uas cuam tshuam nrog kev hloov pauv DNA txawv teb chaws rau cov tswv tsev xaiv thiab tso cai rau lawv sib npaug hauv lub xov tooj ntawm tes. Feem ntau DNA tawg tsis tuaj yeem muab nws tus kheej rov ua dua hauv lwm lub xov tooj ntawm tes. Yog li ntawd, nws xav tau ntxiv tus kheej-replicating DNA los ua ke nrog nws. Yog li, txhawm rau xa cov DNA txawv teb chaws mus rau hauv lub xov tooj ntawm tes, genetic engineering siv lub tsheb hu ua vector. Yog li, tus vector yog DNA molecule uas nqa cov khoom siv txawv teb chaws mus rau lwm lub cell. Ntxiv mus, nws yuav tsum muaj ntau yam zoo xws li tus kheej-replication, me me genome, qhia nyob rau hauv lub party, bearing markers, thiab lwm yam. Plasmids yog ib hom ntawm nrov vectors nyob rau hauv genetic engineering. Feem ntau, cov kab mob hauv tsev yuav yog cov kab mob xws li Escherichia coli (E. coli).
Plasmid yog dab tsi?
A plasmid yog ib lub voj voog DNA me me ntawm cov kab mob. Nws yog ib qho DNA molecule extrachromosomal. Tsis tas li ntawd, DNA me me no muaj ntau lub noob, tab sis tsawg dua thaum piv rau cov kab mob chromosomal DNA. Plasmid loj tuaj yeem sib txawv los ntawm tsawg dua 1.0 kb mus rau ntau tshaj 200 kb, tab sis tus naj npawb ntawm plasmids hauv ib lub xovtooj yog qhov tsis tu ncua ntawm ib tiam dhau ib tiam. Cov no tsis yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov kab mob, uas lawv nyob. Tab sis cov noob no muab kev ciaj sia ntxiv rau cov kab mob.
Daim duab 01: Plasmid
Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, plasmid noob muab ntau qhov zoo ntxiv rau cov kab mob xws li tshuaj tua kab mob, tshuaj tua kab mob, kev tiv thaiv drought, thiab cov metabolism hauv qee qhov substrates xws li β-galactosidase, thiab lwm yam. Cov plasmids no muaj peev xwm ua tau ntau dua. Ntxiv mus, lawv muaj peev xwm siv tau ua vectors. Ntawm qee qhov xwm txheej, cov plasmids tuaj yeem koom nrog plasmids thiab rov ua dua nrog cov kab mob chromosome.
Vector yog dab tsi?
Vector, tseem hu ua cloning vector, yog tus kheej-replicating DNA fragment uas ua hauj lwm raws li lub tsheb nqa ib tug txawv teb chaws DNA tawg mus rau lub party cell. Thaum ib tug txawv teb chaws DNA tawg ua ke nrog ib tug vector, nws ua ib tug recombinant DNA molecule los yog ib tug recombinant vector. Recombinant DNA molecules muaj kev siv loj heev hauv cov tshuab DNA recombinant, feem ntau hauv cov tshuaj thiab biotechnology.
Daim duab 02: Vector
Muaj ntau ntau cov kab mob cloning uas yog cov kab mob extrachromosomal xws li plasmids thiab bacteriophages. Cloning vectors yuav tsum muaj cov yam ntxwv tshwj xeeb xws li tiv thaiv kev puas tsuaj, kev yooj yim ntawm kev tswj hwm, thiab ntau npaum li cas ntawm DNA ib ntu lawv tuaj yeem haum, thiab lwm yam. Cloning vectors yuav tsum muaj keeb kwm ntawm DNA replication, uas xyuas kom meej tias cov plasmid yuav rov ua dua nyob rau hauv lub party cell. Muaj ob peb vectors xws li cov kab mob raws li vectors, cosmid raws vectors, poov xab chromosome (YAC) vectors, thiab lwm yam. Vectors yuav manipulated artificially tom qab ligation thiab digestion cov tshuaj tiv thaiv series. Piv txwv li, pBR322 yog ib qho ntawm cov plasmids uas tau siv dav.
Dab tsi yog qhov zoo sib xws ntawm Plasmid thiab Vector?
- Ob leeg plasmid thiab vector muaj peev xwm ua rau nws tus kheej rov ua dua.
- Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv tuaj yeem nqa cov DNA txawv teb chaws mus rau tus tswv tsev cell.
- Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv kab mob, thiab lwm yam uas ua haujlwm ua cov cim.
- Lawv tiv taus kev puas tsuaj.
- Ntxiv mus, nws tuaj yeem tswj tau yooj yim.
Qhov txawv ntawm Plasmid thiab Vector yog dab tsi?
Y A plasmid yog ib qho DNA extrachromosomal ntawm cov kab mob, cov poov xab, archaea thiab protozoa. Lawv yog cov me me ob-stranded ncig DNA molecules. Whereas, ib tug vector yog ib tug me me DNA molecule uas ua raws li lub tsheb xa txawv teb chaws DNA los ntawm pub rau tus tswv. Yog li, qhov no yog qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm plasmid thiab vector.
Ntxiv mus, qhov sib txawv ntxiv ntawm plasmid thiab vector yog tias cov plasmids tshwm sim hauv cov kab mob thiab lwm yam kab mob, tab sis qee cov vectors yog ntuj thaum qee cov khoom tsim tawm.
Hauv qab infographic qhia qhov txawv ntawm plasmid thiab vector.
Summary – Plasmid vs Vector
Vector yog DNA me me uas nqa cov DNA txawv teb chaws mus rau hauv lub xov tooj ntawm tes. Yog li nws ua haujlwm raws li lub tsheb nruab nrab ntawm tus tswv tsev thiab tus neeg pub dawb. Muaj ntau ntau hom vectors xws li plasmids, cosmids, cov chromosomes dag, bacteriophages, thiab lwm yam. Plasmids yog nrov li vectors dua li lwm cov vectors hauv recombinant DNA technology. Qhov tseeb, plasmids yog cov voj voog, ob npaug-stranded DNA molecules uas yog extrachromosomal DNA tshwm sim nyob rau hauv cov kab mob. Lawv yog cov me me molecules xws li los ntawm ob peb txhiab lub hauv paus khub mus rau ntau tshaj 100 kilobases (kb). Qhov tshwj xeeb ntawm plasmids yog tias lawv tuaj yeem rov ua tus kheej. Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv muaj cov noob uas muab qee qhov txiaj ntsig rau cov tswv tsev cell. Yog li, qhov no yog cov ntsiab lus ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm plasmid thiab vector.
