Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov noob thiab allele yog tias cov noob yog ib qho tshwj xeeb nucleotide ib ntus uas encodes rau cov protein tshwj xeeb thaum lub allele yog ib qho txawv ntawm cov noob yog cov tseem ceeb lossis qhov txawv txav.
Ib noob yog lub hauv paus ntawm kev xeeb tub. Tshwj xeeb, nws muaj qhov tseeb nucleotide ib ntus uas encodes rau ib qho protein molecule, uas muab ib qho zoo. Cov noob dhau los ntawm niam txiv mus rau cov xeeb ntxwv. Yog li ntawd, cov ntaub ntawv caj ces uas xav tau rau kev ua haujlwm tag nrho ntawm lub cev yog khaws cia rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov noob. Tsis tas li ntawd, ib qho chromosome muaj ntau cov noob. Yog li ntawd, ib qho gene muaj ib qho chaw tshwj xeeb hauv chromosome uas peb hu ua locus. Feem ntau, cov noob muaj ob hom kev hloov pauv hu ua alleles. Hauv cov lus yooj yooj yim, alleles yog cov hloov pauv ntawm cov noob yog qhov txawv txav los yog qhov hloov pauv hloov pauv. Lawv nyob ntawm tib theem li tus muam chromatids ntawm chromosome.
Dab tsi yog Gene?
Ib noob yog lub hauv paus ntawm kev xeeb tub. Nws muaj qhov tseeb nucleotide ib ntus uas muaj cov kev qhia caj ces los tsim cov protein tshwj xeeb. Nyob rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov noob, ib tug kab mob 'genome suav nrog tag nrho cov lus qhia kom ciaj sia, tsim thiab tsim dua tshiab. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov noob muaj cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov lus qhia los tsim thiab tswj peb lub hlwb thiab xa mus rau peb cov xeeb ntxwv. Moroever, Genes tsis tsuas qhia peb seb peb yuav zoo li cas, tab sis kuj txiav txim siab seb hom kab mob twg peb yuav muaj kev phom sij ntau dua.
Daim duab 01: Gene
Yuav kom ua tiav cov noob qhia, yuav tsum tau muab cov noob sau thiab txhais. Cov txheej txheem luam tawm ua rau mRNA ib ntus los ntawm DNA ib ntus thiab tom qab ntawd hloov mus rau cov amino acid ib ntus uas ua rau cov protein kawg. Ib yam li ntawd, cov noob qhia thiab tsim cov proteins uas tsim nyog rau lub cev muaj sia.
Allele yog dab tsi?
Feem ntau, cov noob muaj ob hom kev hloov pauv hu ua alleles. Yog li ntawd, ib tug allele yog ib tug variant ntawm ib tug gene. Nws tuaj yeem yog qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb lossis qhov hloov pauv hloov pauv. Lwm yam tshaj li ob qho alleles, qee cov noob muaj ntau yam alleles thiab.
Daim duab 02: Alleles
Raws li, txhua tus allele yog lub luag haujlwm los tsim cov phenotype. Thaum muaj ob qho tseem ceeb alleles tam sim no, peb hu nws ua homozygous dominant xeev thaum thaum muaj ob lub recessive alleles tam sim no, peb hu nws homozygous recessive xeev. Qhov thib peb muaj peev xwm yog kev sib xyaw ntawm ib qho tseem ceeb thiab ib qho recessive allele. Nws yog lub xeev ntawm heterozygous. Ntxiv mus, nyob rau hauv heterozygous thiab homozygous dominant xeev, phenotype yuav qhia qhov tseem ceeb phenotype thaum lub sij hawm thaum lub homozygous recessive xeev, phenotype qhia qhov recessive zoo.
Dab tsi yog qhov zoo sib xws ntawm Gene thiab Allele?
- Gene thiab allele yog ob nqe lus ntawm noob caj noob ces.
- Allele yog ib qho qauv ntawm cov noob.
- Tsis tas li ntawd, ib lub noob feem ntau muaj ob lub alleles; ib dominant thiab ib recessive allele.
- Lawv code rau ib qho phenotype.
- Ntxiv mus, ob qho tib si nyob hauv chromosomes.
- Tsis tas li ntawd, noob thiab allele muaj cov haujlwm tshwj xeeb hauv chromosomes.
- Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv tseem ceeb heev txhawm rau tsim cov proteins uas tseem ceeb rau txhua tus txheej txheem ntawm cov kab mob nyob.
- Kuj, ob leeg yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev xa cov ntaub ntawv caj ces ntawm ib tiam mus rau lwm tiam
Qhov txawv ntawm Gene thiab Allele yog dab tsi?
Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov noob thiab allele yog tias cov noob yog ib qho tshwj xeeb nucleotide ib ntus uas encodes rau cov protein tshwj xeeb thaum lub allele yog ib qho txawv ntawm cov noob yog cov tseem ceeb lossis qhov sib txawv. Yog li ntawd, cov noob yog lub hauv paus ua haujlwm ntawm cov noob caj noob ces thaum lub allele yog lwm hom ntawm cov noob. Ib lub noob tuaj yeem muaj ob lub alleles. Thiab, allele tuaj yeem yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm allele lossis ib qho allele recessive.
Cov duab hauv qab no qhia qhov txawv ntawm cov noob thiab allele raws li kev sib piv ntawm ib sab.
Summary – Gene vs Allele
Genome yog qhov chaw uas peb cov ntaub ntawv caj ces muab zais rau hauv daim ntawv ntawm cov noob. Gene yog qhov tseeb nucleotide ib ntus uas muaj cov kab mob caj ces los tsim cov protein. Muaj ntau cov noob txheej txheej hauv cov chromosomes. Yog li, lawv muaj qhov chaw tshwj xeeb hauv chromosomes uas peb tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas. Tsis tas li ntawd, ib lub noob muaj ob hom kev xaiv. Lawv yog alleles. Ob tug alleles no los ntawm cov niam txiv. Ntawm ob lub alleles, ib qho yog dominant thiab lwm tus yog recessive. Feem ntau, thaum tus tseem ceeb allele yog tam sim no, nws ib txwm qhia nws phenotype dominating tshaj lwm allele. Yog li, qhov no qhia txog qhov sib txawv ntawm cov noob thiab allele.
