Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm qhov sib npaug thiab lub xeev khov kho yog qhov sib npaug, qhov sib npaug ntawm txhua qhov sib xyaw ua ke tau nyob tas li, thaum nyob ruaj khov, tsuas yog qee cov khoom khaws cia tas mus li.
Thaum ib lossis ntau cov tshuaj reactants hloov mus rau cov khoom, lawv yuav dhau los ntawm kev hloov pauv thiab hloov lub zog. Cov ntawv cog lus tshuaj hauv cov reactants tau tawg, thiab cov ntawv cog lus tshiab tau tsim los tsim cov khoom lag luam uas txawv ntawm cov reactants. Qhov no yog qhov peb hu ua tshuaj tiv thaiv. Equilibrium thiab khov kho yog cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg sib txawv.
Equilibrium yog dab tsi?
Qee cov tshuaj tiv thaiv rov qab tau, thaum qee qhov kev tawm tsam tsis tuaj yeem thim rov qab. Hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, cov tshuaj reactants hloov mus rau cov khoom. Hauv qee qhov kev cuam tshuam, cov reactants tsim dua los ntawm cov khoom. Peb lub npe hom tshuaj tiv thaiv no yog thim rov qab. Nyob rau hauv irreversible tshua, ib zaug cov reactants hloov dua siab tshiab rau cov khoom, lawv tsis regenerate dua los ntawm cov khoom.
Nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv rov qab, thaum reactants hloov mus rau hauv cov khoom, peb hu nws cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tom ntej. Thaum cov khoom raug hloov mus rau hauv reactants, peb hu nws rov qab cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Thaum tus nqi ntawm pem hauv ntej thiab rov qab tshwm sim yog sib npaug, ces cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nyob rau hauv equilibrium. Yog li ntawd, tus nqi ntawm cov reactants thiab cov khoom tsis hloov nyob rau lub sijhawm.
Daim duab 01: Thermal Equilibrium
Cov kev cuam tshuam rov qab ib txwm zoo li tuaj mus rau qhov sib npaug thiab tswj qhov sib npaug. Thaum lub kaw lus nyob rau ntawm qhov sib npaug, tus nqi ntawm cov khoom thiab cov reactants tsis tas yuav tsum sib npaug. Nws tuaj yeem muaj ntau dua ntawm cov reactants ntau dua li cov khoom lag luam lossis rov ua dua. Qhov tsuas yog qhov yuav tsum tau muaj nyob rau hauv kev sib npaug sib npaug yog tswj tus nqi tas li los ntawm ob qho tib si dhau sijhawm. Rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hauv kev sib npaug, peb tuaj yeem txhais qhov sib npaug tas li, uas yog sib npaug ntawm qhov sib piv ntawm qhov concentration ntawm cov khoom thiab cov concentration ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv.
Steady State yog dab tsi?
Xav txog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv uas reactant A mus rau cov khoom C ntawm qhov nruab nrab B. Hauv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv zoo li no, B yog tsim los ntawm A, thiab tom qab ntawd nws dhau mus rau hauv daim ntawv C. Ua ntej cov tshuaj tiv thaiv pib, muaj tsuas yog A, thiab B maj mam pib tsim. Txawm li cas los xij, nrog lub sijhawm, tus nqi ntawm A raug txo, thiab C nce, tab sis tus nqi ntawm B tseem kwv yees li qub dhau sijhawm. Nyob rau hauv lub xeev no, sai li sai tau raws li ntau B daim ntawv, nws yuav deplete muab C ntawm ib tug ceev ceev tswj ib tug khov kho lub xeev concentration. Yog li, tus nqi ntawm synthesis ntawm B=tus nqi ntawm kev noj B.
A ⟶ B ⟶ C
Kev ntseeg ruaj khov: d(B)/dt=0.
Dab tsi yog qhov sib txawv ntawm Equilibrium thiab Steady State?
Kev sib npaug thiab lub xeev khov kho yog cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm cov tshuaj. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm qhov sib npaug thiab lub xeev khov kho yog tias nyob rau hauv qhov sib npaug, qhov sib npaug ntawm tag nrho cov khoom tau tuav tas li, thaum nyob ruaj khov, tsuas yog qee cov khoom tau khaws cia tas mus li. Hauv kev sib npaug, qhov sib npaug ntawm cov khoom sib txuas tsis tu ncua vim tias cov tshuaj tiv thaiv sib npaug ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv rau pem hauv ntej thiab rov qab. Nyob rau hauv tsis tu ncua, tsuas yog ib co Cheebtsam yog tas mus li vim hais tias nws synthesis tus nqi thiab noj tus nqi sib npaug. Rau qhov no, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tsis tas yuav tsum nyob hauv qhov sib npaug.
Summary – Equilibrium vs Steady State
Kev sib npaug thiab lub xeev khov kho yog cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm cov tshuaj. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm qhov sib npaug thiab lub xeev khov kho yog qhov sib npaug, qhov sib npaug ntawm tag nrho cov khoom tau tuav tas mus li qhov chaw nyob ruaj khov, tsuas yog qee cov khoom tau khaws cia tas mus li.
