Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tus nqi thiab tus nqi tas li yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tus nqi yog qhov ceev ntawm cov reactants hloov mus rau hauv cov khoom whereas tus nqi tas li yog tus coefficient ntawm proportionality hais txog tus nqi ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm qhov kub thiab txias rau qhov concentration. ntawm cov reactant lossis rau cov khoom ntawm cov concentrations ntawm reactants.
Thaum ib lossis ntau cov tshuaj reactants hloov mus rau cov khoom, lawv yuav dhau los ntawm kev hloov pauv thiab hloov lub zog. Cov ntawv cog lus tshuaj nyob rau hauv cov reactants tau tawg, thiab cov ntawv cog lus tshiab tau tsim los tsim cov khoom lag luam uas txawv ntawm cov reactants. Kev hloov kho tshuaj lom neeg no hu ua tshuaj lom neeg. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv thiab tus nqi tas li yog cov ntsiab lus tshuaj tseem ceeb uas tuaj yeem muab cov ntaub ntawv ntau ntxiv txog tshuaj lom neeg.
Tus nqi teb yog dab tsi?
Tus nqi tshuaj tiv thaiv lossis tus nqi ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog qhov ceev ntawm cov reactants hloov mus rau hauv cov khoom. Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tsuas yog qhov qhia txog qhov ceev ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Yog li ntawd, peb tuaj yeem txiav txim siab nws yog qhov ntsuas uas txiav txim siab sai npaum li cas lossis qeeb npaum li cas cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Lawm, qee qhov kev cuam tshuam qeeb heev, yog li peb tsis tuaj yeem pom qhov tshwm sim tshwm sim tshwj tsis yog peb saib nws ntev heev. Piv txwv li, pob zeb huab cua los ntawm cov txheej txheem tshuaj lom neeg yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv qeeb, uas tshwm sim ntau xyoo. Nyob rau hauv sib piv, cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm ib piece ntawm poov tshuaj nrog dej yog ceev heev, ua ib tug loj npaum li cas ntawm tshav kub; yog li ntawd, nws raug suav hais tias yog kev tawm tsam hnyav.
Xav txog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv hauv qab no uas cov tshuaj reactants A thiab B hloov mus rau cov khoom C thiab D.
a A + b B ⟶ c C + d D
Peb tuaj yeem muab tus nqi rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm ob qho tib si reactants lossis cov khoom lag luam.
Rate=-(1/a) (dA/dt)=-(1/b) (dB/dt)=(1/c) (dC/dt)=(1/d) (dD/ dt)
Ntawm no, a, b, c thiab d yog stoichiometric coefficients ntawm cov reactants thiab cov khoom. Rau cov reactants, peb yuav tsum sau tus nqi sib npaug nrog ib tug rho tawm kos npe vim hais tias cov khoom deplete raws li cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Txawm li cas los xij, raws li cov khoom lag luam nce ntxiv, peb yuav tsum siv cov cim zoo.
Daim duab 01: nce ntawm qhov tshwj xeeb tshwm sim nrog nce kub
Tshuaj kinetics yog kev kawm txog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, thiab muaj ntau yam cuam tshuam rau qhov ceev ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Cov yam ntxwv no suav nrog cov concentration ntawm cov reactants, catalysts, kub, hnyav los, pH, cov khoom concentrations, thiab lwm yam. Peb tuaj yeem ua kom zoo rau cov xwm txheej no kom muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv siab tshaj plaws, lossis peb tuaj yeem kho cov xwm txheej no los tswj cov kev xav tau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv.
Tus nqi tas li yog dab tsi?
Tus nqi tas li yog tus coefficient ntawm kev faib ua feem cuam tshuam txog tus nqi ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tshuaj ntawm qhov ntsuas kub rau qhov concentration ntawm cov reactant los yog cov khoom ntawm cov concentrations ntawm reactants. Yog tias peb sau qhov sib npaug ntawm qhov sib npaug ntawm reactant A rau cov tshuaj tiv thaiv saum toj no, nws yog raws li hauv qab no.
R=-K [A]a [B]b
Hauv qhov tshuaj tiv thaiv no, k yog tus nqi tas li. Nws yog proportionality tas li uas nyob ntawm qhov kub thiab txias. Peb tuaj yeem txiav txim siab tus nqi thiab tus nqi tas li ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv los ntawm kev sim.
Dab tsi yog qhov sib txawv ntawm Kev Ruaj Ntseg thiab Rate Constant?
Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tus nqi thiab tus nqi tas li yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tus nqi lossis tus nqi ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog qhov ceev ntawm cov reactants hloov mus rau hauv cov khoom whereas tus nqi tas li yog tus coefficient ntawm proportionality hais txog tus nqi ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm ib tug muab. kub mus rau qhov concentration ntawm cov reactant los yog cov khoom ntawm cov concentrations ntawm reactants. Ob qho tshuaj tiv thaiv tus nqi thiab tus nqi tas mus li muab ib qho kev qhia ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ceev. Txawm li cas los xij, tus nqi tas li ib leeg tsis tuaj yeem muab cov lus qhia siv tau ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ceev.
Summary – Reaction Rate vs Rate Constant
Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tus nqi thiab tus nqi tas li yog cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tus nqi lossis tus nqi ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv yog qhov ceev ntawm cov reactants hloov mus rau hauv cov khoom whereas tus nqi tas li yog tus coefficient ntawm proportionality hais txog tus nqi ntawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm ib tug muab. kub rau qhov concentration ntawm cov reactant los yog cov khoom ntawm cov concentrations ntawm reactants.
