Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm diastereomers thiab enantiomers yog qhov diastereomers ntawm ib lub molecule tsis yog iav duab ntawm ib leeg thaum enantiomers yog iav dluab ntawm ib leeg.
Muaj ntau yam qauv qauv rau ib qho qauv molecular. Cov no yog hu ua isomers. Peb tuaj yeem txhais cov isomers li "cov tebchaw sib txawv uas muaj tib lub qauv molecular." Feem ntau muaj ob hom isomers: kev cai isomers thiab stereoisomers. Diastereomers thiab enantiomers yog ob hom stereoisomers.
Dab tsi yog Diatereomers?
Diastereomers yog stereoisomers uas nws cov molecules tsis yog daim iav duab ntawm ib leeg. Piv txwv li, cis thiab trans isomers yog diastereomers. Ntawm no, kev sib txuas ntawm atoms yog tib yam.
Daim duab 01: Cov neeg mob hnyav
Hauv qhov piv txwv saum toj no, ob lub tebchaw muaj carbon-carbon ob daim ntawv cog lus. Rau txhua qhov carbon, ib pawg methyl thiab hydrogen atom txuas nrog. Cis thiab trans molecules txawv ntawm txoj kev atoms yog teem rau hauv qhov chaw. Ntawd yog, hauv cis isomer, ob qho tib si hydrogens nyob rau tib sab ntawm ob daim ntawv cog lus carbon. Txawm li cas los xij, hauv trans isomer, hydrogen atoms nyob rau ntawm ob sab ntawm carbon ob daim ntawv cog lus. Ntxiv mus, ob lub qauv tsis yog daim iav duab ntawm ib leeg. Yog li ntawd, lawv yog diastereomers. Txawm li cas los xij, cis thiab trans molecules tsis yog tib hom diastereomers peb tuaj yeem pom.
Enantiomers yog dab tsi?
Enantiomers yog stereoisomers uas nws cov molecules tsis yog-superimposable daim iav duab ntawm ib leeg. Enantiomers tsuas yog ua tau nrog cov molecules uas yog chiral. Ib qho chiral molecule yog ib qho uas tsis zoo ib yam rau nws daim iav duab. Rau ib lub molecule los ua chiral, nws yuav tsum muaj ib qho tetrahedral carbon atom nrog plaub pawg sib txawv txuas rau nws. Cov pa roj carbon atom no hu ua stereocenter. Chiral molecules ua daim iav duab uas tsis yog superposable. Yog li, cov molecule thiab daim iav duab yog enantiomers ntawm ib leeg. Hauv qab no yog ib qho piv txwv ntawm qhov sib xyaw ua ke uas tsim enantiomers.
Daim duab 02: Enantiomers
Peb feem ntau hu ua enantiomers siv R thiab S system. Enantiomers tsis muaj cov ntsiab lus kub sib txawv, cov ntsiab lus melting, solubilities, sib txawv infrared spectra, thiab lwm yam. Tag nrho cov tshuaj thiab lub cev ntawm enantiomers zoo sib xws vim tias cov rog intermolecular zoo sib xws hauv ob qho tib si isomers. Lawv tsuas yog sib cais los ntawm lawv tus cwj pwm txawv ntawm lub dav hlau-polarized lub teeb. Ntawd yog, enantiomers tig lub dav hlau ntawm lub dav hlau-polarized lub teeb nyob rau hauv opposite lus qhia. Txawm li cas los xij, lawv tig lub teeb hauv qhov sib npaug. Vim lawv cov nyhuv ntawm lub teeb polarized, enantiomers yog optically active. Qhov sib xyaw ua ke ntawm ob enantiomers yog kev sib xyaw racemic. Ib qho kev sib tw racemic tsis qhia kev sib hloov ntawm lub teeb polarized; Yog li ntawd, nws yog optically inactive.
Qhov txawv ntawm Diastereomers thiab Enantiomers yog dab tsi?
Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm diastereomers thiab enantiomers yog tias diastereomers ntawm ib lub molecule tsis yog iav dluab ntawm ib leeg thaum enantiomers yog daim iav duab. Cov molecules uas muaj ntau tshaj ib lub stereocenter tuaj yeem ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj yog tias lawv tsis yog daim iav duab ntawm ib leeg. Txawm li cas los xij, yog tias tsuas muaj ib lub stereocenter, ces cov molecule muaj enantiomers. Diastereomers muaj cov khoom sib txawv ntawm lub cev thiab tshuaj lom neeg. Tab sis enantiomers muaj cov khoom zoo sib xws ntawm lub cev thiab tshuaj lom neeg tshwj tsis yog lawv cov khoom sib txawv ntawm qhov muag pom ntawm lub dav hlau-polarized lub teeb.
Summary – Diatereomers vs Enantiomers
Diastereomers thiab enantiomers yog ob hom stereoisomers. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm diastereomers thiab enantiomers yog tias diastereomers ntawm ib lub molecule tsis yog daim iav duab ntawm ib leeg, tab sis enantiomers yog daim iav duab.
