Dabetes Insipidus vs Diabetes Mellitus
Ob leeg ntshav qab zib mellitus thiab insipidus yog tus cwj pwm los ntawm kev tso zis ntau zaus thiab nqhis dej ntau ntxiv.
Mob ntshav qab zib mellitus yog ib yam kab mob cuam tshuam nrog cov ntshav qab zib nce siab. Muaj peb hom mob ntshav qab zib mellitus. Ntshav qab zib Hom 1 pib thaum yau. Beta hlwb hauv islets ntawm Langerhan hauv pancreas tsis tuaj yeem tsim cov tshuaj insulin lossis cov tshuaj insulin tsis zoo nrog kev ua haujlwm lom neeg tsawg tsawg yog tsim los. Nws tuaj yeem yog vim muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm caj ces ntawm insulin receptors, thiab. Hom 2 mob ntshav qab zib mellitus yog vim muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm insulin rhiab heev ntawm cov hlwb. Cov tshuaj insulin yog tsim los ntawm qib siab dua kom txog thaum cov hlwb pancreatic tsis ua haujlwm thiab tom qab ntawd, yuav tsum muaj cov tshuaj insulin exogenous. Kev xeeb tub ua rau mob ntshav qab zib mellitus yog vim qhov kev ua ntawm cov tshuaj hormones ntawm cev xeeb tub. Lawv nyiam ua kom cov ntshav qab zib nce siab tawm tsam qhov kev ua ntawm insulin.
Classical triad ntawm cov tsos mob yog nqhis dej ntau ntxiv (polydipsia), nce tshaib plab (polyphagia) thiab ntau zaus tso zis (polyuria). Hauv cov ntshav qab zib mellitus, kev yoo ntshav cov piam thaj yog siab dua 120mg / dl. Kev kuaj ntshav qabzib hauv qhov ncauj yog tus qauv kub hauv kev kuaj mob ntshav qab zib mellitus. Ntshav qab zib theem 2 teev tom qab noj 75g qabzib siab dua 140mg / dl hauv ntshav qab zib mellitus.
Hom 1 diabetics xav tau kev txhaj tshuaj insulin exogenous los tswj cov ntshav qab zib. Cov neeg mob ntshav qab zib hom 2 tuaj yeem tswj hwm nrog cov tshuaj hypoglycemic ntawm qhov ncauj xws li metformin thiab tolbutamide. Cov teeb meem ntawm ntshav qab zib tau muab faib ua ob pawg dav. Cov teeb meem cuam tshuam nrog cov hlab ntsha me (retinopathy, nephropathy thiab neuropathy) yog hu ua micro-vascular teeb meem, thiab cov uas cuam tshuam nrog cov hlab ntsha loj (kab mob peripheral vascular, mob stroke thiab myocardial infarction) yog hu ua macro-vascular teeb meem.
mob ntshav qab zib insipidus
Mob ntshav qab zib insipidus yog ib yam kab mob ntawm dej thiab electrolyte tuav. Muaj ob hom mob ntshav qab zib insipidus. Central ntshav qab zib insipidus yog vim muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm vasopressin synthesis. Kev tsim vasopressin yog cuam tshuam rau cov kab mob ntawm hypothalamus, hypothalamo-hypophysial tract thiab posterior pituitary. 30% ntawm cov kab mob hypothalamic yog neoplastic (malignant lossis benign); 30% yog tom qab raug mob thiab 30% yog tsis paub keeb kwm. Tus so tej zaum yuav yog vim muaj kab mob, infarctions thiab caj ces yuam kev nyob rau hauv prepropressophysin noob. Mob ntshav qab zib nephrogenic insipidus yog vim muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm vasopressin. Qhov kev txiav txim ntawm vasopressin txo qis yog tias vasopressin receptors (V - 2) lossis cov kav dej (aquaporin - 2) hauv kev khaws cov ducts ntawm lub raum tsis zoo.
Nyob rau hauv ob qho tib si hauv nruab nrab thiab nephrogenic mob ntshav qab zib insipidus, muaj dej ntau dhau ua rau cov zis diluted thiab lub cev qhuav dej. Kev nqhis dej yog qhov ua rau lawv ciaj sia. Nws ua kom muaj dej txaus los tiv thaiv cov kua dej los ntawm ob qho tib si sab hauv thiab sab nraud.
YDiabetes Mellitus vs. Diabetes Insipidus
• Mob ntshav qab zib insipidus (DI) yog ib yam kab mob ntawm vasopressin txo qis thiab ntshav qab zib mellitus (DM) yog kab mob ntawm kev txo qis insulin.
• DM yog ib yam kab mob ntawm pancreas thiab lub hom phiaj hlwb thaum DI yog kab mob ntawm lub hlwb thiab ob lub raum.
• DM ua rau cov ntshav qab zib siab thaum DI tsis ua.
• DM ua rau polyphagia thaum DI tsis ua.
• DM ua rau polyuria los ntawm osmotic diuresis (ntau cov piam thaj tuav thiab nqa dej tawm hauv cov zis nrog nws), thiab DI ua rau polyuria los ntawm cov dej txo qis ntawm kev khaws cov ducts ntawm lub raum.
• DM tau kho nrog cov tshuaj hypoglycemic ntawm qhov ncauj thiab insulin thaum DI tau kho nrog vasopressin hluavtaws.
