Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm chlorate thiab perchlorate yog tias chlorate yog cov anion tau los ntawm kev sib cais ntawm chloric acid whereas perchlorate yog anion tau los ntawm kev sib cais ntawm perchloric acid.
Chlorate thiab perchlorate yog oxyanions uas muaj chlorine thiab oxygen atoms. Feem ntau, cov ntsiab lus no kuj tseem siv rau npe cov ntsev ntawm chloric thiab perchloric acid feem. Hauv lwm lo lus, lo lus chlorate tuaj yeem xa mus rau ib qho chaw uas muaj chlorate anion nrog lwm cov cation.
Chlorate yog dab tsi?
Chlorate yog ib qho anion uas muaj cov tshuaj formula ClO3–Lub xeev oxidation ntawm chorine atom yog +5. Txawm li cas los xij, cov tshuaj sib txuas uas muaj cov anion no kuj muaj npe hu ua chlorates raws li cov lus dav dav. Qhov no anion yog ntsev ntawm choric acid. Cov qauv ntawm no anion yog raws li nram no:
Lub geometry ntawm no anion yog trigonal pyramidal. Ntxiv mus, cov tebchaw uas muaj cov anion no muaj zog oxidizers. Yog li ntawd, peb yuav tsum khaws lawv kom deb ntawm cov ntaub ntawv oxidized yooj yim. Qhov no anion tuaj yeem ua rau pom kev; Yog li cov qauv ntawm chlorate tiag tiag yog cov qauv sib xyaw, uas muaj tag nrho Cl-O daim ntawv cog lus nrog tib qhov ntev. Ntxiv mus, chlorine atom ntawm no yog hypervalent. Qhov no txhais tau hais tias cov chlorine atom muaj ntau tshaj yim electrons nyob ib ncig ntawm nws.
Thaum xav txog kev npaj, hauv chav kuaj, peb tuaj yeem tsim cov tshuaj chlorates los ntawm kev ntxiv cov tshuaj chlorine rau kub hydroxides, piv txwv li KOH. Hauv kev lag luam nplai, peb tuaj yeem tsim nws los ntawm electrolysis ntawm aqueous sodium chloride.
YPerchlorate yog dab tsi?
Perchlorate yog ib qho anion uas muaj cov tshuaj formula ClO4– Nws yog los ntawm perchloric acid. Feem ntau, lo lus no yuav xa mus rau ib qho chaw uas muaj perchlorate anion. Lub xeev oxidation ntawm chorine atom nyob rau hauv cov compound no yog +7. Nws yog qhov tsawg tshaj plaws reactive daim ntawv ntawm lwm cov chlorates. Lub geometry ntawm no ion yog tetrahedral.
Feem ntau, cov tebchaw uas muaj cov anion no tshwm sim raws li cov khoom tsis muaj xim uas yog soluble hauv dej. Cov anion no tsim thaum cov tshuaj perchlorate dissociate hauv dej. Hauv kev lag luam nplai, peb tuaj yeem tsim cov ion no los ntawm txoj kev electrolysis; Ntawm no, oxidation ntawm aqueous sodium chlorate tshwm sim.
Qhov txawv ntawm Chlorate thiab Perchlorate yog dab tsi?
Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm chlorate thiab perchlorate yog cov tshuaj chlorate yog cov anion tau los ntawm kev sib cais ntawm cov tshuaj chloric acid thaum perchlorate yog cov anion tau los ntawm kev sib cais ntawm perchloric acid. Tsis tas li ntawd, lub xeev oxidation ntawm chlorine atom hauv chlorate yog +5 thiab lub xeev oxidation ntawm perchlorate yog +7. Thaum xav txog geometry ntawm cov anions, chlorate anion muaj trigonal pyramidal geometry thiab perchlorate anion muaj tetrahedral geometry.
Summary – Chlorate vs Perchlorate
Chlorate thiab perchlorate yog cov oxyanions ntawm chorine. Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm chlorate thiab perchlorate yog tias chlorate yog cov anion tau los ntawm kev sib cais ntawm chloric acid whereas perchlorate yog anion tau los ntawm kev sib cais ntawm perchloric acid.
