Qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb ntawm FISH thiab CGH yog FISH yog cov txheej txheem molecular uas kuaj pom cov DNA tshwj xeeb ntawm cov chromosome siv cov tshuaj fluorescently sau npe sojntsuam, thaum CGH yog lwm cov txheej txheem cytogenetic molecular uas kuaj pom kev hloov pauv hauv DNA genomic.
Cytogenetic tsom xam ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv cov tshuaj thaum kuaj pom chromosomal abnormalities xws li aneuploidies, deletions, duplications, thiab rearrangements, thiab lwm yam. Chromosomal txawv txav nws thiaj li ua rau cov kab mob xws li mob qog noj ntshav, infertility, Down syndrome, Klinefelter syndrome, Turner. Syndrome, leukemia, thiab lwm yam. Muaj ntau yam molecular cytogenetic txoj kev los xyuas cov saum toj no-hais tsis xws luag thiab kab mob. Ntawm lawv, FISH (fluorescent nyob rau hauv situ hybridization) thiab CGH (kev sib piv genomic hybridization) yog ob txoj hauv kev zoo hybridization. Txawm li cas los xij, ob txoj hauv kev muaj qhov zoo thiab qhov tsis zoo.
FISH yog dab tsi?
FISH yog cov txheej txheem nucleic acid hybridization ua ntawm ib feem lossis ntu ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg, hauv tag nrho cov ntaub so ntswg lossis hlwb. Nws yog ib txoj kev sojntsuam raws txoj kev. Cov txheej txheem yog nyob ntawm txoj kev xav ntawm Watson Crick ua ke hauv paus ua ke, ua rau DNA - DNA hybrids lossis DNA - RNA hybrids, uas tuaj yeem tshawb pom cov noob hloov pauv lossis tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas cov noob paj. Tsis tas li ntawd, cov txheej txheem no siv ib leeg-stranded DNA sequences, ob-stranded DNA sequences, ib leeg-stranded RNA sequences los yog hluavtaws oligonucleotide npaj siv nick translation raws li probes uas yog complementary rau noob sequences ntawm kev txaus siab. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws ntawm cov txheej txheem no yog kev sau npe ntawm kev sojntsuam nrog fluorescence dyes. Yog li, cov kev sojntsuam khi nrog qhov sib ntxiv ntawm cov chromosome thiab ua rau nws yooj yim rau kev kuaj pom.
Ntxiv mus, FISH yog ib txoj hauv kev zoo heev thiab tshwj xeeb. Yog li, nws yog ib qho txheej txheem ntau hauv kev tshawb fawb thiab kev kuaj mob ntawm hematological malignancies thiab cov qog nqaij hlav. Tab sis, FISH qhia txog kev daws teeb meem tsawg. Nws kuj yuav tsum tau muaj kev paub ua ntej ntawm lub hom phiaj abnormality los tsim cov kev sojntsuam ua ntu zus.
Figure 01: FISH
Muaj ntau daim ntawv thov ntawm FISH, feem ntau hauv kev kuaj mob molecular ntawm cov kab mob sib kis los txheeb xyuas qhov muaj cov kab mob thiab kom paub meej cov kab mob ntawm kev kuaj mob molecular. Ntxiv mus, FISH yog ib qho kev siv feem ntau hauv kev loj hlob biology, karyotyping thiab phylogenetic tsom xam thiab lub cev daim ntawv qhia ntawm chromosomes.
CGH yog dab tsi?
Comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) yog lwm DNA raws li cov txheej txheem molecular cytogenetic uas tuaj yeem kuaj xyuas qhov kev hloov pauv ntawm genomic DNA sequences. Cov txheej txheem yog ib txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj plaws uas tuaj yeem txheeb xyuas cov chromosome thiab cov noob hloov kho kom pom cov kev hloov pauv lossis hloov pauv hauv cov kab ke DNA genomic. Tsis tas li ntawd, CGH xav kom muaj kev sib cais thiab tawg ntawm DNA los ntawm cov qauv kev sim thiab cov qauv siv. Tom qab ntawd, cov qauv yuav tsum tau sau npe siv ob hom fluorescent dyes (feem ntau liab thiab ntsuab). Tom qab ntawd, ob qho tib si cov qauv sib xyaw thiab tso cai rau kev sib tw hybridization. Cov kauj ruam kawg yog kev soj ntsuam cov qauv rau kev hloov pauv hauv DNA xws li gene duplication, gene poob, thiab lwm yam. Tshwj xeeb, nws ntsuas cov DNA luam tus lej sib txawv ntawm cov qauv kuaj thiab cov qauv tswj.
Daim duab 02: CGH
Lwm yam ntawm CGH muaj tam sim no; Nws yog ib txoj hauv kev zoo tshaj li qhov qub CGH. Nws yog cov txheej txheem hu ua array-based CGH lossis aCGH. aCGH tso cai rau kev txheeb xyuas qhov tseeb ntawm cov noob lossis cov kab ke tshem tawm hauv ntau txhiab kab hauv ib qho kev sim.
Dab tsi zoo sib xws ntawm FISH thiab CGH?
- FISH thiab CGH yog ob txoj hauv kev molecular.
- Ob leeg FISH thiab CGH vam khom rau nucleic acid hybridization.
- Tsis tas li, ob txoj kev xav tau tsim kev sojntsuam txhawm rau txheeb xyuas cov hom phiaj DNA tshwj xeeb.
- Peb siv lawv rau kev kuaj mob ua ntej yug menyuam thiab tom qab yug menyuam ntawm cov kab mob caj ces.
- Tsis tas li ntawd, FISH thiab CGH yog cov cuab yeej muaj zog heev los kawm txog kev hloov pauv genomic.
- Lawv siv fluorescent dyes los sau npe soj ntsuam.
Qhov txawv ntawm FISH thiab CGH yog dab tsi?
FISH yog tus txheej txheem nyob rau hauv situ hybridization txheej txheem uas siv fluorescent sojntsuam los xyuas cov DNA ib ntus, thaum CGH yog cov txheej txheem molecular hybridization uas kuaj pom cov kev hloov pauv ntawm genomic DNA sequences. Yog li, qhov no yog qhov txawv ntawm FISH thiab CGH.
Ntxiv mus, FISH xav tau kev paub ua ntej ntawm lub hom phiaj txawv txav los tsim cov kev sojntsuam, thaum CGH tsis xav tau kev paub ua ntej. Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov sib txawv ntxiv ntawm FISH thiab CGH yog tias FISH qhia txog kev daws teeb meem tsawg thaum aCGH qhia qhov kev daws teeb meem siab.
Cov lus qhia hauv qab no qhia txog qhov sib txawv ntawm FISH thiab CGH.
Summary – FISH vs CGH
FISH thiab CGH yog ob txoj hauv kev cytogenetic molecular uas pab txhawb kev tshawb nrhiav cov noob caj ces ntawm kev txaus siab. FISH txhawb kev tshawb nrhiav cov DNA tshwj xeeb ntawm cov chromosome siv cov tshuaj fluorescently sau npe sojntsuam thaum CGH pab txhawb kev tshawb nrhiav kev hloov pauv hauv DNA genomic. Yog li, qhov no yog qhov txawv ntawm FISH thiab CGH.
